Isopren

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Achtung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H224：Flüssigkeit und Dampf extrem entzündbar.

  H341：Kann vermutlich genetische Defekte verursachen.

  H350：Kann Krebs verursachen.

  H412：Schädlich für Wasserorganismen, mit langfristiger Wirkung.

• Sicherheit

  P202：Vor Gebrauch alle Sicherheitshinweise lesen und verstehen.

  P210：Von Hitze, heißen Oberflächen, Funken, offenen Flammen und anderen Zündquellenarten fernhalten. Nicht rauchen.

  P233：Behälter dicht verschlossen halten.

  P273：Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden.

  P308+P313：BEI Exposition oder falls betroffen: Ärztlichen Rat einholen/ärztliche Hilfe hinzuziehen.

  P403+P233：An einem gut belüfteten Ort aufbewahren. Behälter dicht verschlossen halten.

Isoprene Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

  LEICHT FLüCHTIGE FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.

• PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN

  Die Dämpfe sind schwerer als Luft und können sich am Boden ausbreiten. Fernzündung möglich. Fließen, Schütten o.ä. kann zu elektrostatischer Aufladung führen.

• CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

  Leichte Bildung explosionsfähiger Peroxide. Polymerisiert beim Erhitzen und unter Einfluss zahlreicher Materialien. Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Reagiert mit starken Oxidationsmitteln, starken Reduktionsmitteln, starken Säuren, starken Basen, Säurechloridenund Alkoholenunter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr.

• ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

  TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
  MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
  

• AUFNAHMEWEGE

  Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation und durch Verschlucken.

• INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

  Nur ungenügende Angaben vorhanden über die Geschwindigkeit, mit der eine gesundheitsschädliche Konzentration in der Luft beim Verdampfen bei 20°C erreicht wird.

• WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

  WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
  Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem mit nachfolgender Atemdepression. Exposition kann Bewusstseinstrübung verursachen.

• WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION

  Risiko der Lungenschädigung bei wiederholter oder längerer Exposition. Möglicherweise krebserzeugend für den Menschen.

• LECKAGE

  Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit möglichst in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Vollschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabhängigem Atemschutzgerät.

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R45:Kann Krebs erzeugen.
  R12:Hochentzündlich.
  R52/53:Schädlich für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
  R68:Irreversibler Schaden möglich.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
  S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
  S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.

• Beschreibung

  Isoprene is a naturally occurring clear colorless volatile liquid (at room temperature) with a faint odor. Isoprene is an important building block for lipids, steroids, terpenoids, and a wide variety of natural products, including natural rubber. Isoprene is found in abundance in nature and is produced and emitted to the environment by plants and trees; it is also emitted from food crops since isoprene serves as the basic structural unit of numerous substances such as terpenes and vitamins A and K. Hence, isoprene is found in ambient air at low concentrations (e.g., the reported concentration of isoprene in the ambient air of the United States ranges between 1 and 21 ppb and is generally less than 10 ppb). Because the biosynthesis of isoprene is associated with photosynthesis, emission of isoprene from plants and trees is negligible at night. Emission of isoprene from plants and trees is also seasonal with the highest emission occurring in the summer and the lowest emission occurring in the winter. Once emitted to the atmosphere, isoprene is converted by free radicals (e.g., nitric oxide, hydroxyl radicals, ozone) to various species (e.g., aldehydes, hydroperoxides, organic nitrates, epoxides) that mix with water droplets and help create aerosols and haze.
  Isoprene is produced endogenously in experimental animals and humans. The rate of endogenous production of isoprene in rats and mice is approximately 1.9 and 0.4 mmol kg-1 h-1, respectively, while in humans it is approximately 0.15 mmol kg-1 h-1 (approximately 2–4 μmol kg-1 per day). The precursor to endogenous isoprene production in humans is believed to be mevalonic acid, a precursor of cholesterol synthesis. Isoprene is the major hydrocarbon found in human breath, accounting for up to 70% of exhaled hydrocarbons. The mean concentration of isoprene reported in human breath is 118 ppb (range 0–474 ppb). The concentration of isoprene in human blood is between 1 and 4.8 μg l-1. The rate of production of isoprene is higher in males than females and in adults than in children.
  Anthropogenic sources of isoprene include production of ethylene by cracking naphtha, wood pulping, combustion of wood and other biomass, tobacco smoke (smoking one cigarette can increase the concentration of isoprene in exhaled air by 70%), gasoline, and automobile exhaust.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Isoprene is a colourless liquid, b.p. 34°C.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Isoprene (2-methyl-l,3-butadiene) is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid with specific gravity 0.6758. It is highly reactive, usually occurs as its dimer, and unless inhibited undergoes explosive polymerization. Isoprene naturally occurs in the environment as emissions from vegetation. It may be released to the environment as emissions during wood pulping, biomass combustion, and rubber abrasion; through tobacco smoke, gasoline, turbine, and automobile exhaust. In tobacco smoke, isoprene has been determined to be the precursor of a number of polycyclic aromatics, as demonstrated by thermal condensations in the range of 450–700℃.

• Physikalische Eigenschaften

  Colorless, volatile, extremely flammable liquid with an petroleum-like odor. An odor threshold concentration of 48 ppbV was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).

• Verwenden

  The majority of isoprene produced commercially is used to make synthetic rubber (cis-polyisoprene), most of which is used to produce vehicle tires. The second- and third-largest uses are in the production of styrene-isoprene-styrene block polymers and butyl rubber (isobutene-isoprene copolymer) (IARC 1994).

• Verwenden

  The primary use of isoprene is the manufacture of polyisoprene, or ‘synthetic’ natural rubber, which is subsequently used to make tires. Other major uses of isoprene include the production of styrenic thermoplastic elastomer block copolymers (styrene–isoprene–styrene) and butyl rubber (isobutene– isoprene copolymer). Isoprene is also used to manufacture other chemicals, intermediates, and derivatives, which are subsequently used to manufacture vitamins, pharmaceuticals, flavorings and fragrances, and epoxy hardeners.

• Verwenden

  Isoprene occurs in nature and it is produced by many plants. Its polymers are the main component of natural rubber. The most important application of isoprene is to manufacture polymers and copolymers. Polyisoprene, a synthetic rubber made from isoprene, is used in a wide variety of rubber applications including medical equipment, baby bottle teats/nipples, toys, shoe soles, tires, elastic films, threads for golf balls or textiles, adhesives, paints, and coatings. Copolymer butyl rubber, made from isobutene with a small amount of isoprene, has excellent impermeability to gases and is used in inner tubes. Another copolymer styrene-isoprene rubber is used in pressure sensitive adhesives. Isoprene is also used as a chemical intermediate.

• Definition

  ChEBI: A hemiterpene with the formula CH22C(CH3)CH2CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurr ng compounds.

• synthetische

  Isoprene is obtained from propylene by the followin,g route:
  

  

  
  In the first step, propylene is dimerized to 2-methyl-l-pentene by passage over a catalyst of tri-n-propylaluminium at about 200??C and 20 MPa (200 atmospheres). This product is then isomerized to 2-methyl-2-pentene by heating at 150-300??C in the presence of a silica-alumina catalyst. The final step in the process is the pyrolysis of the olefin to isoprene at 650-800??C in the presence of a free radical initiator such as hydrogen bromide. The isomerization step is necessary because pyrolysis of 2-methyl-l-pentene gives much poorer yields of isoprene than pyrolysis of 2-methyl-2-pentene.

• Vorbereitung Methode

  Rubber results from the polymerization of isoprene to form polyisoprene. The resultingstructure dictates the properties of the rubber. Natural rubber has a cis 1,4 structure.This means that the carbon atoms that form the chainattach to the same side ofthe chain at the 1 and 4 positions. The cisstructure gives rubber its elasticity. Polyisoprene alsoexists in a trans 1,3 configuration. In the trans configuration, the addition takes place onopposite sides of the carbon chain.
  Natural rubber occurs in a colloidal milky suspension called latex, which is obtained fromnumerous plants. The most important of these is the para rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis. Naturalrubber is harvested by cutting a v-shape incision into a plant and allowing latex to drain intoa container containing a preservative. About 50mL of latex is obtained on a daily basis. Latexis transported to collection stations where it is processed for shipment. Processing can includepreservation, coagulation, and concentrating before being sent to rubber factories.

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  A clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor. Density 5.7 lb / gal. Flash point -65°F. Boiling point 93°F. May polymerize exothermically if heated or contaminated. If polymerization takes place inside a closed container, the container may rupture violently. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.

• Air & Water Reaktionen

  Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

• Reaktivität anzeigen

  ISOPRENE may react vigorously with strong oxidizing agents. May react exothemically with reducing agents to release hydrogen gas. May undergo exothermic addition polymerization in the presence of various catalysts (such as acids) or initiators. Undergoes autoxidation upon exposure to the air to form explosive peroxides. Mixing isoprene in equal molar portions with any of the following substances in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase: chlorosulfonic acid, nitric acid (70%), oleum, sulfuric acid (90%) [NFPA 1991].

• Hazard

  Highly flammable, dangerous fire and explosion risk. Irritant. Possible carcinogen.

• Health Hazard

  Vapor produces no effects other than slight irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory tract. Liquid may irritate eyes; like gasoline.

• Flammability and Explosibility

  Extremely flammable

• Carcinogenicity

  Isoprene is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.

• Environmental Fate

  At 25 ℃, isoprene has a high vapor pressure of 733 hPa, a low water solubility of 642 mg l^-1, and a Henry’s law constant of 7781 Pam³ mol^-1. Isoprene’s log Kow is 2.42 while its log Koc is 1.83. Isoprene’s vapor density relative to air is 2.4. Because of its high vapor pressure at ambient temperature, isoprene will partition largely into the atmosphere, with negligible amounts partitioning to soil and water. Due to a short half-life in air (0.5 h by reaction with nitric oxide, 1.2–4 h by reaction with hydroxyl radicals, and 19 h by reaction with ozone), wet deposition of isoprene from air is not expected to play a significant role in its atmospheric fate. Although laboratory testing demonstrates that isoprene has the potential to biodegrade, microbial metabolism is unlikely to contribute significantly to the removal of isoprene from the environment due to rapid volatilization from terrestrial and aquatic media. Isoprene has a low bioaccumulation potential and is not expected to bioaccumulate.

• läuterung methode

  Reflux it with sodium then distil it from sodium or NaBH4 under nitrogen, and pass it through a column containing KOH, CaSO4 and silica gel. tert-Butylcatechol (0.02% w/w) is added, and the isoprene is stored in this way until redistilled before use. The inhibitor (tert-butylcatechol) in isoprene can be removed by several washings with dilute NaOH and water. The isoprene is then dried over CaH2, distilled under nitrogen at atmospheric pressure, and the fraction distilling at 32o is collected. Store it under nitrogen at -15o. [Beilstein 1 H 252, 1 IV 1001.]

• Toxicity evaluation

  The acute effects of isoprene are related to irritation, central nervous system depression, and asphyxia at high concentrations. The mutagenic and genotoxic effects of isoprene seen in in vivo and in vitro studies, as well as the carcinogenic effects of isoprene in experimental animals (principally mice), are believed to be due to the formation of isoprene diepoxide.

Isoprene Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Isopren Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

Global(277)Suppliers

78-79-5, Isoprene Verwandte Suche: