1,1-Dichlorethen

Bezeichnung:1,1-Dichlorethen

CAS-Nr75-35-4

Englisch Name:VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE

CBNumberCB8292656

SummenformelC2H2Cl2

Molgewicht96.94

MOL-Datei75-35-4.mol

Synonyma

1,1-Dichlorethylen

1,1-Dichlorethen

VDC

1,1-Dichlorethen physikalisch-chemischer Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt	-122 °C (lit.)
Siedepunkt	30-32 °C (lit.)
Dichte	1.213 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
Dampfdichte	3.46 (vs air)
Dampfdruck	9.68 psi ( 20 °C)
Brechungsindex	n20/D 1.426
Flammpunkt	−9 °F
storage temp.	Store at +2°C to +8°C.
Löslichkeit	2.5g/l
Aggregatzustand	Liquid
Farbe	Clear colorless
Explosionsgrenze	8.4-16.5%(V)
Wasserlöslichkeit	Soluble in water (2.5g/L at 20°C).
Sensitive	Light Sensitive
Merck	14,9996
BRN	1733365
Henry's Law Constant	0.86, 1.00, 1.27, 1.97, and 2.66 at 2.0, 6.0, 10.0, 18.0, and 25.0 °C, respectively (EPICS-SPME, Dewulf et al., 1999)
Expositionsgrenzwerte	TLV-TWA 5 ppm (～20 mg/m³) (ACGIH); TLV-STEL 20 ppm (ACGIH); carcinogenic ity: Animal Limited Evidence, Human Inad equate Evidence (IARC).
Dielectric constant	4.7（16℃）
Stabilität	Stable. Very flammable - note low flash point. Vapour may travel considerable distances to a source of ignition. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alcohols, halides, sopper, aluminium. Rapidly absorbs oxygen from the air and forms explosive peroxides. Light and water promote self-polymerisation. May form explosive mix
CAS Datenbank	75-35-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
IARC	2B (Vol. 39, Sup 7, 71, 119) 2019
EPA chemische Informationen	1,1-Dichloroethylene (75-35-4)

Sicherheit

Kennzeichnung gefährlicher	F+,Xn,T,F
R-Sätze:	12-20-40-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11
S-Sätze:	7-16-29-36/37-46-45
RIDADR	UN 1303 3/PG 1
WGK Germany	3
RTECS-Nr.	KV9275000
F	1-8-10
Selbstentzündungstemperatur	968 °F
TSCA	Yes
HS Code	2903 29 00
HazardClass	3
PackingGroup	I
Giftige Stoffe Daten	75-35-4(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizität	Acute oral LD₅₀ for rats 1,550 mg/kg, male mice 194 mg/kg, female mice 217 mg/kg (Jones and Hathway, 1978):dogs 5,750 mg/kg (Tierney et al., 1979). Heitmuller et al. (1981) reported a NOEC of 80 ppm.

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FLüCHTIGE, FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die Dämpfe sind schwerer als Luft und können sich am Boden ausbreiten. Fernzündung möglich.Die Dämpfe des Vinylidenchlorid Monomers sind nicht stabilisiert und können in öffnungen oder Flammschutzeinrichtungen von Vorratstanks Polymere bilden, die die öffnungen verstopfen.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Leichte Bildung explosionsfähiger Peroxide. Polymerisiert leicht beim Erhitzen oder unter Einfluss von Sauerstoff, Sonnenlicht, Kupfer oder Aluminium. Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Kann beim Erhitzen oder beim Kontakt mit Flammen explodieren. Zersetzung beim Verbrennen unter Bildung giftiger und ätzender Rauche (Chlorwasserstoff, Phosgen). Reagiert sehr heftig mit Oxidationsmitteln.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 5 ppm (als TWA) Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 2 ppm 8,0 mg/m? Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II(2); Krebserzeugend Kategorie 3B; Schwangerschaft: Gruppe C; (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20 °C kann sehr schnell eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
Die Flüssigkeit reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atmungsorgane. Verschlucken kann zur Aufnahme in der Lunge führen; Gefahr der Aspirationspneumonie. Exposition gegenüber hohen Konzentrationen kann Bewusstseinstrübung verursachen.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Hautkontakt kann Dermatitis hervorrufen. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf Nierenund Leber.
LECKAGE
Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Zündquellen entfernen. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit möglichst in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Vollschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabhängigem Atemschutzgerät.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R12:Hochentzündlich.
R20:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen.
R40:Verdacht auf krebserzeugende Wirkung.
R39/23/24/25:Giftig: ernste Gefahr irreversiblen Schadens durch Einatmen, Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S7:Behälter dicht geschlossen halten.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S29:Nicht in die Kanalisation gelangen lassen.
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S46:Bei Verschlucken sofort ärztlichen Rat einholen und Verpackung oder Etikett vorzeigen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
Chemische Eigenschaften
Colorless liquid. Readily polymerizes. Insoluble in water. Commercial product contains small proportion of inhibitor.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Vinylidene chloride is a volatile liquid. Mild, sweet odor resembling chloroform. The odor threshold in air is 500 ppm.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Colorless liquid or gas with a mild, sweet, chloroform-like odor. The average least detectable odor threshold concentration in water at 60 °C and in air at 40 °C was 1.6 mg/L (Alexander et al., 1982).
Verwenden
VDC is used to make various kinds of chemical intermediates, agricultural chemicals, SARAN?polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) resins and films, PVDC latex coatings, and photographic and X-ray films.
Verwenden
1,1-Dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE) is used toproduce vinylidene copolymers for films andcoatings.
Verwenden
Intermediate in the production of "vinylidene polymer plastics" such as Saran (Dow) .
Definition
ChEBI: A member of the class of chloroethenes that is ethene in which both of the hydrogens attached to one of the carbons are replaced by chlorines.
Vorbereitung Methode
VDC is prepared commercially by the dehydrochlorination of 1,1,2-trichloroethane using a slight excess of lime or caustic as shown in the reaction schematic. About 200 ppm of monomethyl ether of hydroquinone (MEHQ) is added to prevent polymer formation and preserve product quality.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A clear colorless liquid with a chloroform-like odor. Flash point 0°F. Boiling point 99°F. Denser (at 10.1 lb / gal) than water and insoluble in water. Hence sinks in water. May polymerize exothermically if heated or contaminated. If the polymerization takes place inside a container, the container may rupture violently. Vapors heavier than air.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Peroxidizable monomer, such as VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, may initiate exothermic polymerization of the bulk material [Bretherick 1979. p. 160, 187]. Mixing vinylidene chloride in equal molar portions in a closed container with any of the following substances caused the temperature and pressure to increase: chlorosulfonic acid, nitric acid, or oleum [NFPA 1991]. It's reaction products with ozone are particularly dangerous, [Dow Chemical, 1968]. This may extend to other powerful oxidants, as various peroxides are produced.
Health Hazard
Vapor can cause dizziness and drunkenness; high levels cause anesthesia. Liquid irritates eyes and skin.
Health Hazard
1,1-DCE exhibits low acute toxicity. Vaporsare irritant to the mucous membranes. Athigh concentrations it produces narcoticeffects. Chronic exposure to a 50-ppm con centration for 8 hours/day, 5 days/week for6 months resulted in liver and kidney injuryin experimental animals. The liquid in con tact with the eyes causes irritation. The LC50value in rats is within the range 6300 ppm fora 4-hour exposure period. The oral toxicity islow. A lethal dose by subcutaneous admin istration is 3700 mg/kg in rabbits. Ingestioncan cause nausea and vomiting.
Tests on laboratory animals indicate that1,1-DCE is cancer causing. Rats and micesubjected to 12 months’ inhalation of thiscompound developed tumors of the liver,kidney, skin, and blood. Carcinogenicity inhumans is not reported.
Brandgefahr
Flammable liquid; flash point (closed cup) -18°C(0°F) (flash point data reported in the literature differ); vapor pressure 500 torr at 20°C (68°F); vapor density 3.34 (air=1); the vapor is heavier than air and can travel a considerable distance to a source of igni tion and flash back; autoignition temperature 570°C (1058°F); fire-extinguishing agent: dry chemical, CO2, or foam; use water to keep fire-exposed containers cool and to flush any spill.
1,1-DCE vapors form explosive mixtures with air within the range 7.3–16.0% by volume in air. It polymerizes at elevated temperatures. If polymerization occurs in a closed container, the container may rup ture violently. Polymerization is inhibited in the presence of 200 ppm of hydroquinone monomethyl ether (Aldrich 1997). It forms a white deposit of peroxide on long stand ing which may explode. It decomposes when involved in fire, producing toxic hydrogen chloride. Reactions with concentrated min eral acids are exothermic.
Sicherheitsprofil
Suspected carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, neoplastigenic, tumorigenic, and teratogenic data. Poison by inhalation, ingestion, and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by subcutaneous route. Human systemic effects by inhalation: general anesthesia, liver and hdney changes. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. See also VINYL CHLORIDE. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Moderately explosive in the form of gas when exposed to heat or flame. It forms explosive peroxides upon exposure to air. Potentially explosive reaction with chlorotrifluoroethylene at 18O℃. Reaction with ozone forms dangerous products. Explosive reaction with perchloryl fluoride when heated above 100℃. Also can explode spontaneously. Reacts violently with chlorosulfonic acid, HNO3, oleum. Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS, ALIPHATIC.
mögliche Exposition
Vinylidene chloride is used in the manufacture of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform). However, the manufacture of polyvinylidene copolymers is the major use of VDC. The extruded films of the copolymers are used in packaging and have excellent resistance to water vapor and most gases. The chief copolymer is Saran (polyvinylidene chloride/vinyl chloride), a transparent film used for food packaging. The films shrink when exposed to higher than normal temperatures. This characteristic is advantageous in the heat-shrinking of overwraps on packaged goods and in the sealing of the wraps. Applications of VDC latexes include mixing in cement to produce highstrength mortars and concretes, and as binders for paints and nonwoven fabrics providing both water resistance and nonflammability. VDC polymer lacquers are also used in coating films and paper. VDC is also used to produce fibers. Monofilaments, made by extruding the copolymer, are used in the textile industry as furniture and automobile upholstery; drapery fabric; outdoor furniture; venetian-blind tape; and filter cloths.
Carcinogenicity
The IARC has concluded that there is inadequate evidence in humans and limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of VDC and has placed it in its Group 3 category as not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.
This conclusion is consistent with the evaluation by the EPA, where VDC exhibits suggestive evidence of carcinogenicity but not sufficient evidence to assess human carcinogenic potential following inhalation exposure in studies in rodents.
Environmental Fate
Biological. 1,1-Dichloroethylene significantly degraded with rapid adaptation in a static-culture flask-screening test (settled domestic wastewater inoculum) conducted at 25 °C. Complete degradation was observed after 14 d. At concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/L, the amount lost due to volatilization at the end of 10 d was 24 and 15%, respectively (Tabak et al., 1981).
Soil. In a methanogenic aquifer material, 1,1-dichloroethylene biodegraded to vinyl chloride (Wilson et al., 1986). Under anoxic conditions, indigenous microbes in uncontaminated sediments degraded 1,1-dichloroethylene to vinyl chloride (Barrio-Lage et al., 1986).
Photolytic. Photooxidation of 1,1-dichloroethylene in the presence of nitrogen dioxide and air yielded phosgene, chloroacetyl chloride, formic acid, HCl, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, and ozone (Gay et al., 1976). At 298 K, 1,1-dichloroethylene reacts with ozone at a rate of 3.7 x 10^-21 cm³/molecule?sec (Hull et al., 1973).
Chemical/Physical. At temperatures exceeding 0 °C in the presence of oxygen or other catalysts, 1,1-dichloroethylene will polymerize to a plastic (Windholz et al., 1983). The alkaline hydrolysis of 1,1-dichloroethylene yielded chloroacetylene. The reported hydrolysis half-life at 25 °C and pH 7 is 1.2 x 108 yr (Jeffers et al., 1989).
Versand/Shipping
UN1303 Vinylidene chloride, stabilized, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.
Inkompatibilitäten
Readily forms explosive peroxides; violent polymerization from heat or on contact with oxidizers, chlorosulfonic acid; nitric acid; or oleum; or under the influence of oxygen, sunlight, alkali metals; aluminum, copper. Explosive on heating or on contact with flames. Inhibitors, such as the monomethyl ether of hydroquinone are added to prevent polymerization.
Waste disposal
Return refillable compressed gas cylinders to supplier. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.

VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

1,1-Dichlorethen Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

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