Acenaphthen

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Warnung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H410：Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen mit langfristiger Wirkung.

• Sicherheit

  P273：Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden.

  P391：Verschüttete Mengen aufnehmen.

  P501：Inhalt/Behälter ... (Entsorgungsvorschriften vom Hersteller anzugeben) zuführen.

Acenaphthene Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

  WEISSE BIS BEIGE KRISTALLE

• PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN

  Staubexplosion der pulverisierten oder granulierten Substanz in Gemischen mit Luft möglich.

• CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

  Beim Verbrennen Bildung von giftigen Gasen mit Kohlenmonoxid. Reagiert mit starken Oxidationsmitteln.

• ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

  TLV nicht festgelegt.
  MAK nicht festgelegt.
  

• AUFNAHMEWEGE

  Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation des Aerosols, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.

• INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

  Eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann schnell erreicht werden durch Dispergieren.

• WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION

  (Siehe ANMERKUNGEN.)

• LECKAGE

  Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P2-Filter für schädliche Partikel. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Verschüttetes Material in abgedeckten Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste sorgfältig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen.

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
  R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
  R39/23/24/25:Giftig: ernste Gefahr irreversiblen Schadens durch Einatmen, Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
  R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
  R11:Leichtentzündlich.
  R52/53:Schädlich für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
  R67:Dämpfe können Schläfrigkeit und Benommenheit verursachen.
  R65:Gesundheitsschädlich: kann beim Verschlucken Lungenschäden verursachen.
  R38:Reizt die Haut.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
  S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
  S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Behälter sind als gefährlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
  S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
  S37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
  S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
  S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
  S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
  S7:Behälter dicht geschlossen halten.
  S62:Bei Verschlucken kein Erbrechen herbeiführen. Sofort ärztlichen Rat einholen und Verpackung oder dieses Etikett vorzeigen.
  S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.

• Beschreibung

  Acenaphthene is a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and crystalline solid at ambient temperature. Acenaphthene does not dissolve in water but is soluble in many organic solvents. Acenaphthene is a component of crude oil and a product of combustion. Acenaphthene occurs in coal tar produced during the high-temperature carbonisation or coking of coal. It is used as a dye intermediate in the manufacture of some plastics and as an insecticide and fungicide. Acenaphthene is a component of crude oil and a product of combustion which may be produced and released to the environment during natural fires. Emissions from petroleum refining, coal tar distillation, coal combustion, and diesel-fuelled engines are major contributors of acenaphthene to the environment. Acenaphthene is an environmental pollutant and has been detected in cigarette smoke, automobile exhausts, and urban air; in effluents from petrochemical, pesticide, and wood preservative industries; and in soils, groundwater, and surface waters at hazardous waste sites. This compound is one among a number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on U.S. EPA’s (Environmental Protection Agency) priority pollutant list.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Acenaphthene is a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, crystalline solid at ambient tempera- ture. Acenaphthene does not dissolve in water, but is soluble in many organic solvents. Acenaphthene occurs in coal tar produced during high temperature carbonization or cok- ing of coal. It is used as a dye intermediate in the manufacture of some plastics and as an insecticide and fungicide. Acenaphthene is a component of crude oil and a product of combustion that may be produced and released into the environment during natural fi res. Emissions from petroleum refi ning, coal tar distillation, coal combustion, and diesel- fueled engines are major contributors of acenaphthene to the environment. Acenaphthene is an environmental pollutant and has been detected in cigarette smoke, automobile exhausts, and urban air; in effl uents from petrochemical, pesticide, and wood preservative industries; and in soils, groundwater, and surface waters at hazardous waste sites. This compound is one of a number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the US EPA’s prior- ity pollutant list.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Acenaphthene is a white combustible, crystalline solid. PAHs are compounds containing multiple benzene rings and are also called polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  white or pale yellow crystalline powder

• Physikalische Eigenschaften

  White crystalline solid or orthorhombic bipyramidal needles from alcohol. Coal tar-like odor. The lowest odor threshold concentration in water that may result in rejection of contaminated water ranged from 0.02 to 0.22 ppm (Lillard and Powers, 1975). In Wisconsin, the taste and odor threshold concentration in water that is nontoxic to humans is 20 μg/L (ATSDR, 1995).

• Verwenden

  Acenaphthene occurs in petroleum bottoms and is used as a dye intermediate, insecticide, and fungicide and in manufacturing plastics.

• Verwenden

  Dye intermediate; manufacture of plastics; insecticide; fungicide.

• Verwenden

  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as carcinogenic

• Definition

  ChEBI: A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derived from naphthalene by the addition of an ethylene bridge connecting C-1 and C-8.

• Definition

  A colorless crystalline derivative of naphthalene, used in producing some dyes.

• Definition

  acenaphthene: A colourless crystallinearomatic compound, C₁₂H₁₀;m.p. 95°C; b.p. 278°C. It is an intermediatein the production of somedyes.

• Synthesis Reference(s)

  Synthetic Communications, 14, p. 1119, 1984 DOI: 10.1080/00397918408059644

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  White needles. Melting point 93.6°C. Soluble in hot alcohol. Denser than water and insoluble in water. Hence sinks in water. May irritate skin and mucous membranes. Emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes when heated to decomposition. Derived from coal tar and used to make dyes, pharmaceuticals, insecticides, fungicides, and plastics.

• Air & Water Reaktionen

  Insoluble in water.

• Reaktivität anzeigen

  Acenaphthene is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Incompatible with ozone and chlorinating agents. Forms crystalline complexes with desoxycholic acid .

• Health Hazard

  Exposures to acenaphthene cause poisoning and include symptoms such as irritation to the skin, eyes, mucous membranes, and upper respiratory tract. Studies on labora- tory animals orally exposed to acenaphthene showed loss of body weight, peripheral blood changes (unspecifi ed), increased aminotransferase levels in blood serum, and mild morphological damage to the liver and kidneys. In chronic exposures, acenaph- thene is known to cause damage to the kidneys and liver. Acenaphthene is irritating to the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals. Oral exposure of rats to ace- naphthene for 32 days produced peripheral blood changes, mild liver and kidney dam- age, and pulmonary effects. However, detailed studies with acenaphthene in humans are limited.

• Health Hazard

  Carcinogenicity of acenaphthene in animalsis not established. Tests for mutagenicity havegiven inconclusive results.

• Brandgefahr

  Flash point data for Acenaphthene are not available. Acenaphthene is probably combustible.

• Sicherheitsprofil

  Moderately toxic by intraperitonealroute. Mutation data reported.Incompatible with strongoxidizing agents, ozone, chlorinating agents. When heatedto decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating vapors.

• mögliche Exposition

  Acenaphthene occurs naturally in coal tar and in coal tar produced during the high-temperature carbonization or coking of coal; coal tar distilling; petroleum processing; shale oil processing. It is used as an intermediate for dyes, fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, pharmaceuticals, plant growth hormones; 1,8 naphthalic acid; in the manufacture of some plastics; and has been detected in cigarette smoke and gasoline exhaust condensates; a constituent of coal tar creosote, asphalt, and diesel fuel. It has been used as an polyploidy agent.

• Source

  Detected in groundwater beneath a former coal gasification plant in Seattle, WA at a concentration of 180 g/L (ASTR, 1995). Acenaphthene is present in tobacco smoke, asphalt, combustion of aromatic fuels containing pyridine (quoted, Verschueren, 1983). Acenaphthene was detected in asphalt fumes at an average concentration of 18.65 ng/m³ (Wang et al., 2001). Present in diesel fuel and corresponding aqueous phase (distilled water) at concentrations of 100 to 600 mg/L and 4 to 14 g/L, respectively (Lee et al., 1992).
  Thomas and Delfino (1991) equilibrated contaminant-free groundwater collected from Gainesville, FL with individual fractions of three individual petroleum products at 24–25 °C for 24 h. The aqueous phase was analyzed for organic compounds via U.S. EPA approved test method 625. Average acenaphthene concentrations reported in water-soluble fractions of unleaded gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fuel were 1, 2, and 6 g/L, respectively.
  Acenaphthene occurs naturally in coal tar. Based on laboratory analysis of 7 coal tar samples, acenaphthene concentrations ranged from 350 to 12,000 ppm (EPRI, 1990). Detected in 1-yr aged coal tar film and bulk coal tar at concentrations of 5,800 and 5,900 mg/kg, respectively (Nelson et al., 1996). A high-temperature coal tar contained acenaphthene at an average concentration of 1.05 wt % (McNeil, 1983). Lee et al. (1992a) equilibrated 8 coal tars with distilled water at 25 °C. The maximum concentration of acenaphthene observed in the aqueous phase was 0.3 mg/L.
  Nine commercially available creosote samples contained acenaphthene at concentrations ranging from 9,500 to 110,000 mg/kg (Kohler et al., 2000). Acenaphthene was detected in a diesel-powered medium duty truck exhaust at an emission rate of 19.3 μg/km (Schauer et al., 1999) and is a component in cigarette smoke. Acenaphthene was detected in soot generated from underventilated combustion of natural gas doped with 3 mole % toluene (Tolocka and Miller, 1995).
  Gas-phase tailpipe emission rates from gasoline-powered automobiles with and without catalytic converters were 6.55 and 177 μg/km, respectively (Schauer et al., 2002).
  Schauer et al. (2001) measured organic compound emission rates for volatile organic compounds, gas-phase semi-volatile organic compounds, and particle-phase organic compounds from the residential (fireplace) combustion of pine, oak, and eucalyptus. The gas-phase emission rates of acenaphthene were 2.02 mg/kg of pine burned, 1.15 mg/kg of oak burned, and 0.893 mg/kg of eucalyptus burned.
  Under atmospheric conditions, a low rank coal (0.5–1 mm particle size) from Spain was burned in a fluidized bed reactor at seven different temperatures (50 °C increments) beginning at 650 °C. The combustion experiment was also conducted at different amounts of excess oxygen (5 to 40%) and different flow rates (700 to 1,100 L/h). At 20% excess oxygen and a flow rate of 860 L/h, the amount of acenaphthene emitted ranged from 1,272.4 ng/kg at 650 °C to 6,800.0 ng/kg at 750 °C. The greatest amount of PAHs emitted was observed at 750 °C (Mastral et al., 1999).
  Typical concentration of acenaphthene in a heavy pyrolysis oil is 1.6 wt % (Chevron Phillips, May 2003).

• Environmental Fate

  Biological. When acenaphthene was statically incubated in the dark at 25 °C with yeast extract and settled domestic wastewater inoculum, significant biodegradation with rapid adaptation was observed. At concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/L, 95 and 100% biodegradation, respectively, were observed after 7 d (Tabak et al., 1981). A Beijerinckia sp. and a mutant strain (Beijerinckia sp. strain B8/36) cooxidized acenaphthene to the following metabolites: 1,2-acenaphthenediol, acenaphthene-quinone, and a compound tentatively identified as 1,2-dihydroxyacenaphthylene (Schocken and Gibson, 1984). The fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 36112 degraded approximately 64% acenaphthene added within 72 h of incubation. Metabolites identified and their respective yields were 6-hydroxyacenaphthenone (24.8%), 1,2-acenaphthenedione (19.9%), trans-1,2-dihydroxyacenaphthene (10.3%), 1,5-dihydroxyacenaphthene (2.7%), 1-acenaphthenol (2.4%), 1-acenaphthenone (2.1%), and cis-1,2-dihydroxyacenaphthene (1.8%) (Pothuluri et al., 1992). A recombinant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1(pRE695) degraded acenaphthene via mono-oxygenation to 1-acenaphthenol which was converted to 1-acenaphthenone and cis- and trans-1,2-dihydroxyacenaphthenes. The two latter compounds were subsequently converted to 1,2- acenaphthoquinone which oxidized to naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid (Selifonov et al., 1996). In a soil-water system, acenaphthene did not biodegrade under anaerobic conditions. Under denitrification conditions, acenaphthene (water concentration 400 μg/L) degraded to nondetectable levels in 40 d. In both studies, the acclimation period was approximately 2 d (Mihelcic and Luthy, 1988).
  Photolytic. Fukuda et al. (1988) studied the photodegradation of acenaphthene and alkylated naphthalenes in distilled water and artificial seawater using a high-pressure mercury lamp. Based upon a rate constant of 0.23/h, the photolytic half-life of acenaphthene in water is 3 h. Behymer and Hites (1985) determined the effect of different substrates on the rate of photooxidation of acenaphthene using a rotary photoreactor equipped with a 450-W medium pressure mercury lamp (λ = 300–410 nm). The photolytic half-lives of acenaphthene absorbed onto silica gel, alumina, and fly ash were 2.0, 2.2, and 44 h, respectively. The estimated photooxidation half-life of acenaphthene in the atmosphere via OH radicals is 0.879 to 8.79 h (Atkinson, 1987).
  Chemical/Physical. Ozonation in water at 60 °C produced 7-formyl-1-indanone, 1-indanone, 7- hydroxy-1-indanone, 1-indanone-7-carboxylic acid, indane-1,7-dicarboxylic acid, and indane-1- formyl-7-carboxylic acid (Chen et al., 1979). Wet oxidation of acenaphthene at 320 °C yielded formic and acetic acids (Randall and Knopp, 1980). The measured rate constant for the gas-phase reaction of acenaphthene with OH radicals is 8.0 x 10^-11 cm³/molecule·sec (Reisen and Arey, 2002).

• Versand/Shipping

  UN3082 Environmentally hazardous substances, liquid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required.

• läuterung methode

  It has also been purified by chromatography from CCl4 on alumina with *benzene as eluent [McLaughlin & Zainal J Chem Soc 2485 1960]. [Beilstein 5 IV 1834.]

• Inkompatibilitäten

  Ozone and strong oxidizing agents, including perchlorates, chlorine, fluorine, and bromine

• Waste disposal

  Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office. Incineration or permanganate oxidation

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