2,2-Dimethylbutan

Bezeichnung:2,2-Dimethylbutan

CAS-Nr75-83-2

Englisch Name:2,2-Dimethylbutane

CBNumberCB7280708

SummenformelC6H14

Molgewicht86.18

MOL-Datei75-83-2.mol

Synonyma

2,2-Dimethylbutan

2,2-Dimethylbutan physikalisch-chemischer Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt	−100 °C(lit.)
Siedepunkt	50 °C(lit.)
Dichte	0.649 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Dampfdichte	2.97 (vs air)
Dampfdruck	5.35 psi ( 20 °C)
Brechungsindex	n20/D 1.369(lit.)
Flammpunkt	<−30 °F
storage temp.	Flammables area
Löslichkeit	In methanol: 590 and 800 g/L at 5 and 10 °C, respectively. Miscible at higher temperatures (Kiser et al., 1961). Miscible with other aliphatic hydrocarbons, e.g., pentane, hexane, heptane, etc.
Aggregatzustand	Liquid
pka	>14 (Schwarzenbach et al., 1993)
Farbe	Clear colorless to slightly yellow
Explosionsgrenze	~7.7%
Odor Threshold	20ppm
Wasserlöslichkeit	insoluble
BRN	1730736
Henry's Law Constant	1.69(atm?m³/mol) at 25 °C (Mackay and Shiu, 1981)
Expositionsgrenzwerte	ACGIH TLV: TWA and STEL for all isomers except n-hexane are 500 and 1,000 ppm, respectively (adopted).
Dielectric constant	1.8700000000000001
Stabilität	Stable, but may be moisture sensitive. Highly flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
CAS Datenbank	75-83-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemische Informationen	Butane, 2,2-dimethyl-(75-83-2)
EPA chemische Informationen	2,2-Dimethylbutane (75-83-2)

Sicherheit

Kennzeichnung gefährlicher	F,Xn,N
R-Sätze:	11-38-51/53-65-67
S-Sätze:	9-16-29-33-61-62
RIDADR	UN 1208 3/PG 2
WGK Germany	3
RTECS-Nr.	EJ9300000
Selbstentzündungstemperatur	797 °F
HazardClass	3
PackingGroup	II
HS Code	29011000
Giftige Stoffe Daten	75-83-2(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizität	Reported as an impurity (0.2 wt %) in 99.0–99.7 wt % 2,3-dimethylbutane (Chevron Phillips, 2004).

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

2,2-Dimethylbutane Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R38:Reizt die Haut.
R51/53:Giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R65:Gesundheitsschädlich: kann beim Verschlucken Lungenschäden verursachen.
R67:Dämpfe können Schläfrigkeit und Benommenheit verursachen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S9:Behälter an einem gut gelüfteten Ort aufbewahren.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S29:Nicht in die Kanalisation gelangen lassen.
S33:Maßnahmen gegen elektrostatische Aufladungen treffen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
S62:Bei Verschlucken kein Erbrechen herbeiführen. Sofort ärztlichen Rat einholen und Verpackung oder dieses Etikett vorzeigen.
Chemische Eigenschaften
2,2-dimethylbutane is the chain isomeric form of hexane. It is a colorless and flammable liquid with a specific gravity of 0.6444. Insoluble in water, miscible with alcohol, ether, acetone, benzene and petroleum ether. The solubility is similar to that of hexane and 2-methylpentane.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Clear, colorless liquid with a mild petroleum-like odor. Liquid quickly evaporates and forms conbustible fumes. An odor threshold concentration of 20 ppm_v was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).
Verwenden
2,2-Dimethylbutane is an acyclic alkane. Its Research Octane Number (RON) has been reported to be 91.8. It is used to Component of high-octane motor and aviation fuels, intermediate for agricultural chemicals.
Application
2,2-Dimethylbutane may be employed as probe to investigate the nature of possible active sites in supported metal catalysts.
Some of the reported applications of 2,2-dimethylbutane include:
Palladium-catalyzed radical oxidative alkoxycarbonylation to prepare various alkyl carboxylates.
Iridium-iron-catalyzed tandem dehydrogenation-isomerization-hydrosilylation to synthesize corresponding silane.
synthetische
2,2-Dimethylbutane can be synthesised by the hydroisomerisation of 2,3-dimethylbutane using an acid catalyst.
By the thermal or catalytic union (alkylation) of ethylene and isobutane, both recovered from refinery gases.
Vorbereitung Methode
2,2-Dimethylbutane is produced from crude oil, natural liquid gases, and petroleum refining processes.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Colorless liquid with an odor of gasoline. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Irritating vapor. Flash point -54°F.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
2,2-Dimethylbutane may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring may occur followed by ignition of unreacted material and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, mostly unreactive. Not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. When heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, burns exothermically to produce carbon dioxide and water.
Hazard
Highly flammable, dangerous fire and explosion risk, explosion limits 1.2–7%
Health Hazard
Inhalation causes dizziness, nausea, and vomiting; concentrated vapor may cause unconsciousness and collapse. Contact with liquid causes irritation of eyes; repeated contact may produce irritation of skin. Ingestion causes irritation of stomach. Aspiration causes severe lung irritation, rapidly developing pulmonary edema, and central nervous system excitement followed by depression.
Sicherheitsprofil
Probably an irritant and narcotic in high concentration. A very dangerous fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidzing materials. Keep away from heat or open flame. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Environmental Fate
Photolytic. Reported photooxidation rate constants for the reaction of 2,2-dimethylbutane with OH radicals at 297, 299, and 300 K are 2.59 x 10^-12, 6.16 x 10^-12, and 2.59 x 10^-12 cm³/molecule?sec, respectively (Atkinson, 1985, 1990).
Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air yields carbon dioxide and water vapor. 2,2- Dimethylbutane will not hydrolyze because it has no hydrolyzable functional group.
läuterung methode
Distil it azeotropically with MeOH, then wash it with water, dry (Na2SO4) it, and distil it. [Beilstein 1 IV 367.]

2,2-Dimethylbutane Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

2,2-Dimethylbutan Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

75-83-2, 2,2-Dimethylbutane Verwandte Suche:

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