oxytetracyclin

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Warnung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H411：Giftig für Wasserorganismen, mit langfristiger Wirkung.

• Sicherheit

  P201：Vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.

  P202：Vor Gebrauch alle Sicherheitshinweise lesen und verstehen.

  P273：Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden.

  P280：Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.

  P308+P313：BEI Exposition oder falls betroffen: Ärztlichen Rat einholen/ärztliche Hilfe hinzuziehen.

  P391：Verschüttete Mengen aufnehmen.

Oxytetracycline Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R63:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib möglicherweise schädigen.
  R36:Reizt die Augen.
  R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
  S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
  S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
  S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
  S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.

• Beschreibung

  Oxytetracycline also is one of the classic tetracyclines. It is produced by fermentation of Streptomyces rimosis and other soil microorganisms. The most hydrophilic tetracycline on the market, it has largely now been replaced by its semisynthetic descendants. It is primarily used today for IM injections.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  beige to light yellow crystalline powder

• Originator

  Terramycin,Pfizer,US,1950

• Verwenden

  Oxytetracycline, which has seen significant usage in plant disease control, does not contain the Cl atom but has an additional -OH group at the C5 position on the tetracycline molecule (4). Tetracyclines are widely used therapeutic agents in clinical medicine [second to penicillins in total tons used each year (5)] for bacterial respiratory, periodontal, and urogenital tract diseases (6). Oxytetracycline is also used as a feed amendment for growth promotion and as a therapeutic agent for curing diseases of agricultural animals including fish.

• Verwenden

  Oxytetracycline (terramycin) is a linear, tetracyclic broad spectrum antibiotic originally isolated from Streptomyces rimosus in 1949. Like all tetracyclines, oxytetracycline shows broad spectrum antibacterial and antiprotozoan activity and acts by binding to the 30S and 50S ribosomal sub-units, blocking protein synthesis. Oxytetracycline, although less coloured than other tetracyclines, is still a pigment and is thus sensitive to environmental and storage conditions. Commercial oxytetracycline may contain significant levels of degradation products.

• Verwenden

  Oxytetracycline(Terramycin) was the second of the broad-spectrum tetracycline group of antibiotics to be discovered. Oxytetracycline works by interfering with the ability of bacteria to produce proteins that are essential to them. Without these proteins t

• Definition

  ChEBI: A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae /ital> (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.

• Manufacturing Process

  The pH was adjusted to 7.0 with sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate was added at the rate of 1 g/l.
  500 ml portions of the above medium were added to Fernbach flasks which were then sterilized at 121°C for 30 minutes. Upon cooling, the flasks were inoculated with a suspension of the growth of s. rimosus obtained from the surface of beef lactose agar slants, and the flasks were shaken for 4 days at 28°C on a rotary shaker having a displacement of 2" at an rpm of 200. At the end of this period the broth was found to contain 640 C.D.U/ml and 400 chloramphenicol units/ml. The mycelium was separated from the broth by filtration and the latter was adjusted to pH 9.0. The antibiotic was extracted from the broth with n-butanol, and when the ultraviolet absorption spectrum was observed on the butanol solution of the antibiotic, peaks in the absorption curve were found at 385 and 270 millimicrons.

• Trademarks

  Terramycin (Pfizer).

• Therapeutic Function

  Antibiotic

• Antimicrobial activity

  It is slightly less active than other tetracyclines against most common pathogenic bacteria.

• Pharmazeutische Anwendungen

  A fermentation product of certain strains of Streptomyces rimosus, supplied as the dihydrate or hydrochloride for oral or parenteral administration.

• Pharmakokinetik

  Oral absorption： c.60%
  C_max 500 mg oral： 3–4 mg/L after 2–4 h
  Plasma half-life： c.9 h
  Volume of distribution： c.1.8 L/kg
  Plasma protein binding： 20–35%
  Oxytetracycline is moderately well absorbed from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Food decreases plasma levels by approximately 50%. Although widely distributed in the tissues, it achieves lower concentrations than related agents such as minocycline. Sputum concentrations of 1 mg/L have been recorded on a daily dosage of 2 g. Approximately 60% is excreted in the urine and the half-life is prolonged in renal insufficiency.

• Clinical Use

  It offers no unique therapeutic advantages, although it is one of the cheaper preparations.

• Nebenwirkungen

  Gastrointestinal intolerance is responsible for most side effects, and tends to be more severe than with other tetracyclines. Esophageal irritation may result from the local effects of the swallowed drug. Potentially serious adverse reactions have included neuromuscular paralysis following intravenous administration to patients with myasthenia gravis. Thrombocytopenic purpura and lupus erythematosus syndrome have been reported, although a direct role for the drug in the latter remains uncertain. Apart from the effect on nitrogen balance common to many tetracyclines, a metabolic effect on glucose homeostasis has been noted in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Allergic contact sensitivity reactions have also been reported.

• Synthese

  Oxytetracycline, 4-dimethylamino-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro- 3,6,10,12,12a-hexahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacencarboxamide (32.3.2), is synthesized biosynthetically as a result of the activity of actinomycete S. rimosus.

• Veterinary Drugs and Treatments

  Oxytetracycline products are approved for use in dogs and cats (no known products are being marketed, however), calves, non-lactating dairy cattle, beef cattle, swine, fish, and poultry. For more information, refer to the Doses section, below.

• Arzneimittelwechselwirkung

  Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
  Anticoagulants: possibly enhanced anticoagulant effect of coumarins and phenindione.
  Oestrogens: possibly reduced contraceptive effects of oestrogens (risk probably small).
  Retinoids: possible increased risk of benign intracranial hypertension with tetracyclines and retinoids - avoid.

• Stoffwechsel

  Metabolism is negligible. The tetracyclines are excreted in the urine and in the faeces. Renal clearance is by glomerular filtration. Up to 60% of an intravenous dose of tetracycline, and up to 55% of an oral dose, is eliminated unchanged in the urine. The tetracyclines are excreted in the bile, where concentrations 5-25 times those in plasma can occur. There is some enterohepatic reabsorption and considerable quantities occur in the faeces after oral doses.

• läuterung methode

  Terramycin crystallises (as dihydrate) from water or aqueous EtOH and is soluble in MeOH, EtOH, Me2CO and H2O (0.25mg/mL at 25o ) but insoluble in Et2O and pet ether. It is amphoteric, and an aqueous solution has pH 2.0-5.0. It has max at 247, 275 and 353nm in 0.1 M phosphate (pH 4.5). [Finlay et al. Science 111 85 1951.] The hydrochloride, [2058-46-0] M 496.9 [Beilstein 14 IV 2630], crystallises from MeOH in needles and from H2O at 50o it forms plates. Terramycin has also been purified via the hydrochloride by dissolving it in H2O, adjusting to pH 6, and the solid is filtered off after 1hour. The crystals of the dihydrate are dried to constant weight in vacuum/CaCl2/25o. Drying at 60o in vacuo gives the anhydrous base m 184.5-185.5o (sintering at 180o). The dihydrate has m 181-182o. Its optical rotation in MeOH decreases from [] D 25 +26o (c 0.5%) to [] D 25 +11.3o after standing for 16hours. It forms a sodium salt and a CaCl2 complex. [Regna et al. J Am Chem Soc 73 4211 1951, Beilstein 14 IV 2633.]

• Toxicity evaluation

  Tetracycline is a potent inhibitor of bacterial protein biosynthesis, with less activity on mammalian cells. It binds to the 30S and 50S bacterial ribosomal subunits, and it inhibits the binding of aminoacyl–tRNA and the termination factors RF1 and RF2 to the A site of bacterial ribosomes (21). Acute oral LD₅₀ for mice >7 g/kg; for rats >10 g/kg, acute intravenous 100 ～ 200 mg/kg. Tlm for black bass: 250 ppm (24 h).

Oxytetracycline Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

oxytetracyclin Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

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