Pentan

Bezeichnung:Pentan

CAS-Nr109-66-0

Englisch Name:Pentane

CBNumberCB6288989

SummenformelC5H12

Molgewicht72.15

MOL-Datei109-66-0.mol

Synonyma

Pentan

Amylhydrid

Pentan physikalisch-chemischer Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt	-130 °C
Siedepunkt	36 °C
Dichte	0.626 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Dampfdichte	2.48 (vs air)
Dampfdruck	26.98 psi ( 55 °C)
Brechungsindex	n20/D 1.358
Flammpunkt	−57 °F
storage temp.	Store at +5°C to +30°C.
Löslichkeit	ethanol: soluble(lit.)
Aggregatzustand	Liquid
pka	>14 (Schwarzenbach et al., 1993)
Farbe	Colorless
Wichte	0.63
Relative polarity	0.009
Geruch (Odor)	Like a gasoline.
Odor Threshold	1.4ppm
Explosionsgrenze	1.4-8%(V)
Wasserlöslichkeit	insoluble
maximale Wellenlänge (λmax)	λ: 200 nm Amax: ≤0.70 λ: 210 nm Amax: ≤0.20 λ: 220 nm Amax: ≤0.07 λ: 230 nm Amax: ≤0.02 λ: 250 nm Amax: ≤0.004
Merck	14,7116
BRN	969132
Henry's Law Constant	1.20 at 25 °C (J?nsson et al., 1982)
Expositionsgrenzwerte	TLV-TWA 600 ppm (～1800 mg/m³) (ACGIH), 1000 ppm (～3000 mg/m³) (OSHA), 500 ppm (～1500 mg/m³) (MSHA); STEL 750 ppm (～2250 mg/m³) (ACGIH).
Dielectric constant	1.8（20℃）
InChIKey	OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP	3.390
CAS Datenbank	109-66-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemische Informationen	Pentane(109-66-0)
EPA chemische Informationen	Pentane (109-66-0)

Sicherheit

Kennzeichnung gefährlicher	F+,Xn,N,F
R-Sätze:	12-51/53-65-66-67
S-Sätze:	9-16-29-33-61-62
RIDADR	UN 1265 3/PG 2
WGK Germany	2
RTECS-Nr.	RZ9450000
F	3-10
Selbstentzündungstemperatur	500 °F
TSCA	Yes
HazardClass	3
PackingGroup	II
HS Code	29011090
Giftige Stoffe Daten	109-66-0(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizität	LC (in air) in mice: 377 mg/l (Fühner)
IDLA	1,500 ppm [10% LEL]

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

Pentane Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die Dämpfe sind schwerer als Luft und können sich am Boden ausbreiten. Fernzündung möglich. Sie können sich in tiefer gelegenen Bereichen sammeln und den Luftsauerstoff verdrängen.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Reagiert mit starken Oxidationsmitteln (z.B. Peroxiden, Nitraten und Perchloraten) unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Greift einige Kunststoff-, Gummi- und Beschichtungsarten an.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 600 ppm (als TWA); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 1000 ppm, 3000 mg/m? Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II(2); Schwangerschaft: Gruppe C; (DFG 2006).
EG Arbeitsplatz-Richtgrenzwerte: 3000 mg/m? 1000 ppm (als TWA); (EG 2006)
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation der Dämpfe und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C kann schnell eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
Verschlucken kann zur Aufnahme in der Lunge führen; Gefahr der Aspirationspneumonie. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Hautkontakt kann Dermatitis hervorrufen.
LECKAGE
Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Belüftung. Zündquellen entfernen. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit möglichst in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit dry Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Umgebungsluftunabhängiges Atemschutzgerät.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R12:Hochentzündlich.
R51/53:Giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R65:Gesundheitsschädlich: kann beim Verschlucken Lungenschäden verursachen.
R66:Wiederholter Kontakt kann zu spröder oder rissiger Haut führen.
R67:Dämpfe können Schläfrigkeit und Benommenheit verursachen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S9:Behälter an einem gut gelüfteten Ort aufbewahren.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S29:Nicht in die Kanalisation gelangen lassen.
S33:Maßnahmen gegen elektrostatische Aufladungen treffen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
S62:Bei Verschlucken kein Erbrechen herbeiführen. Sofort ärztlichen Rat einholen und Verpackung oder dieses Etikett vorzeigen.
Aussehen Eigenschaften
C5H12; 1,3-Dimethylpropan. Farblose Flüssigkeit mit charakteristischem Geruch.
Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt
Leichtentzündlich.
Aufnahme, vor allem durch Inhalation kann zu Benommenheit bis Atemlähmung führen. Lungenödeme sind möglich.
Schutzmaßnahmen und Verhaltensregeln
Schutzhandschuhe als kurzzeitiger Spritzschutz.
Verhalten im Gefahrfall
Dämpfe nicht einatmen.
Mit flüssigkeitsbindendem Material, z.B. Rench Rapid aufnehmen. Der Entsorgung zuführen. Nachreinigen.
Pulver, Schaum.
Dämpfe schwerer als Luft. Mit Luft Bildung explosionsfähiger Gemische möglich.
Erste Hilfe
Nach Hautkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser abwaschen.
Nach Augenkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser bei geöffnetem Lidspalt mindestens 15 Minuten ausspülen und Augenarzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Einatmen: Frischluft.
Nach Verschlucken: Reichlich Wasser trinken. Erbrechen wegen Aspirationsgefahr vermeiden. Arzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Kleidungskontakt: Kontaminierte Kleidung sofort entfernen.
Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag
Sachgerechte Entsorgung
Als halogenfreie, organische Lösemittelabfälle.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Pentane is a colorless liquid. Gas above 36C. Gasoline-like odor.
Chemische Eigenschaften
n-Pentane is a flammable liquid. It has applications in industry as an aerosol propellant and as an important component of engine fuel.

pentane lewis structure
N-propane is a CNS depressant. Studies with dogs have indicated that it induces cardiac sensitization. In high concentrations it causes incoordination and inhibition of the righting refl exes.
N-pentane is being used primarily in Europe in integral-skin flexible foams. Pentane is twice as effective as CFC-11 as a blowing agent.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Clear, colorless, volatile liquid with an odor resembling gasoline. An odor threshold concentration of 1.4 ppm_v was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).
Verwenden
Fuel; solvent; chemical synthesis
Verwenden
n-Pentane is a flammable liquid. It has diverse uses in industry—for instance, as an aerosol propellant and as an important component of engine fuel. n-Pentane is a CNS depressant. Laboratory studies in dogs indicate that prolonged exposure to high concentrations of n-pentane induces cardiac sensitization, poor coordination, and inhibition of the righting reflexes. NIOSH has recommended limits of n-pentane for working areas.
Verwenden
n-Pentane occurs in volatile petroleum fractions(gasoline) and as a constituent ofpetroleum ether. It is used as a solvent, in themanufacture of low-temperature thermometers,and as a blowing agent for plastics.
Definition
pentane: A straight-chain alkanehydrocarbon, C5H12; r.d. 0.63; m.p.–129.7°C; b.p. 36.1°C. It is obtainedby distillation of petroleum.
Definition
A straightchain alkane obtained by distillation of crude oil.
Vorbereitung Methode
Pentane is produced by fractional distillation of natural gas liquids and crude oil. It is also produced by the catalytic crackdown of naphtha.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor. Flash point 57°F. Boiling point 97°F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapors are heavier than air.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Pentane is incompatible with strong oxidizers. Pentane is also incompatible with strong acids, alkalis, and oxygen. Mixtures with chlorine gas have produced explosions. Pentane will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings. .
Health Hazard
n-Pentane did not exhibit any marked toxicityin animals. However, inhalation ofits vapors at high concentrations can causenarcosis and irritation of the respiratorypassages. Such effects may be observedwithin the range 5–10% concentration inair. In humans, inhalation of 5000 ppm for10 minutes did not cause respiratory tractirritation or other symptoms (Patty and Yant1929).
There is no report in the literature indicatingany adverse effects from pentaneother than narcosis and irritation. An intravenousLD50 value in mouse is recorded as446 mg/kg (NIOSH 1986).
Brandgefahr
Behavior in Fire: Containers may explode
Flammability and Explosibility
Extremely flammable
Chemische Reaktivität
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
Sicherheitsprofil
Moderately toxic by inhalation and intravenous routes. Narcotic in high concentration. The liquid can cause blisters on contact. Flammable liquid. Highly dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. Severe explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Shock can shatter metal containers and release contents. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes
mögliche Exposition
Pentane is used in manufacture of ice, low-temperature thermometers; in solvent extraction processes; as a blowing agent in plastics; as a fuel; as a chemical intermediate (for amylchlorides, e.g.).
Source
Schauer et al. (1999) reported pentane in a diesel-powered medium-duty truck exhaust at an emission rate of 1,860 μg/km.
A constituent in gasoline. Harley et al. (2000) analyzed the headspace vapors of three grades of unleaded gasoline where ethanol was added to replace methyl tert-butyl ether. The gasoline vapor concentrations of pentane in the headspace were 14.2 wt % for regular grade, 12.6 wt % for midgrade, and 9.3 wt % for premium grade.
California Phase II reformulated gasoline contained pentane at a concentration of 27.6 g/kg. Gas-phase tailpipe emission rates from gasoline-powered automobiles with and without catalytic converters were 4.29 and 536 mg/km, respectively (Schauer et al., 2002).
Schauer et al. (2001) measured organic compound emission rates for volatile organic compounds, gas-phase semi-volatile organic compounds, and particle-phase organic compounds from the residential (fireplace) combustion of pine, oak, and eucalyptus. The gas-phase emission rate of pentane was 4.7 mg/kg of pine burned. Emission rates of pentane were not measured during the combustion of oak and eucalyptus.
Environmental Fate
Biological. n-Pentane may biodegrade in two ways. The first is the formation of pentyl hydroperoxide, which decomposes to 1-pentanol followed by oxidation to pentanoic acid. The other pathway involves dehydrogenation to 1-pentene, which may react with water giving 1- pentanol (Dugan, 1972). Microorganisms can oxidize alkanes under aerobic conditions (Singer and Finnerty, 1984). The most common degradative pathway involves the oxidation of the terminal methyl group forming 1-pentanol. The alcohol may undergo a series of dehydrogenation steps forming an aldehyde (valeraldehyde) then a fatty acid (valeric acid). The fatty acid may then be metabolized by β-oxidation to form the mineralization products, carbon dioxide and water (Singer and Finnerty, 1984). Mycobacterium smegnatis was capable of degrading pentane to 2- pentanone (Riser-Roberts, 1992).
Photolytic. When synthetic air containing gaseous nitrous acid and pentane was exposed to artificial sunlight (λ = 300–450 nm) methyl nitrate, pentyl nitrate, peroxyacetal nitrate, and peroxypropionyl nitrate formed as products (Cox et al., 1980).
Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air yields carbon dioxide and water. Pentane will not hydrolyze because it does not contain a hydrolyzable functional group.
Versand/Shipping
UN1265 Pentanes Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.
läuterung methode
Stir the pentane with successive portions of conc H2SO4 until there is no further coloration during 12hours, then with 0.5N KMnO4 in 3M H2SO4 for 12hours, wash with water and aqueous NaHCO3. Dry it with MgSO4 or Na2SO4, then P2O5 and fractionally distil it through a column packed with glass helices. It is also purified by passage through a column of silica gel, followed by distillation and storage with sodium hydride. An alternative purification is by azeotropic distillation with MeOH, which is subsequently washed out from the distillate (using water), followed by drying and re-distilling. For removal of carbonyl-containing impurities, see n-heptane. Also purify it by fractional freezing (ca 40%) on a copper coil through which cold air is passed, then wash with conc H2SO4 and fractionally distil it. [Beilstein 1 IV 303.]
Toxicity evaluation
The mechanism of toxicity is suspected to be similar to other solvents that rapidly induce anesthesia-like effects, that is a ‘nonspecific narcosis’ due to disruption (solvation) of the integrity of the cellular membranes of the central nervous system. The effect is similar to the ‘high’ experienced upon exposure to other aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents.
As seen with other short-chain alkanes, upon inhalation, pentane is moderately toxic and may cause irritation of the respiratory tract and narcosis. The narcotic action of pentane (observed following 1-h exposure to 90 000–120 000 ppm) is, however, much less pronounced than effects seen following exposure to the C1–C4 alkanes. Although the actual biochemical mechanismof toxicity has not been discerned, the narcotic effects seen are most likely related to its physical solvent properties.
Inkompatibilitäten
Vapors may form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Attacks some plastics, rubbers, and coatings.
Waste disposal
Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.

Pentane Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

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