Decan

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Achtung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H226：Flüssigkeit und Dampf entzündbar.

  H304：Kann bei Verschlucken und Eindringen in die Atemwege tödlich sein.

• Sicherheit

  P210：Von Hitze, heißen Oberflächen, Funken, offenen Flammen und anderen Zündquellenarten fernhalten. Nicht rauchen.

  P233：Behälter dicht verschlossen halten.

  P240：Behälter und zu befüllende Anlage erden.

  P241：Explosionsgeschützte [elektrische/Lüftungs-/ Beleuchtungs-/...] Geräte verwenden.

  P301+P310：BEI VERSCHLUCKEN: Sofort GIFTINFORMATIONSZENTRUM/Arzt/... (geeignete Stelle für medizinische Notfallversorgung vom Hersteller/Lieferanten anzugeben) anrufen.

  P331：KEIN Erbrechen herbeiführen.

Decane Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

  FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.

• CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

  Reagiert mit Oxidationsmitteln.

• ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

  TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
  MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
  

• AUFNAHMEWEGE

  Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation und durch Verschlucken.

• INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

  Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C tritt langsam eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft ein.

• WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

  WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
  Verschlucken kann zur Aufnahme in der Lunge führen; Gefahr der Aspirationspneumonie.

• WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION

  Die Flüssigkeit entfettet die Haut.

• LECKAGE

  Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit möglichst in abdichtbaren Metall- oder Glasbehältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen.

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R10:Entzündlich.
  R65:Gesundheitsschädlich: kann beim Verschlucken Lungenschäden verursachen.
  R66:Wiederholter Kontakt kann zu spröder oder rissiger Haut führen.
  R67:Dämpfe können Schläfrigkeit und Benommenheit verursachen.
  R62:Kann möglicherweise die Fortpflanzungsfähigkeit beeinträchtigen.
  R51/53:Giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
  R48/20:Gesundheitsschädlich: Gefahr ernster Gesundheitsschäden bei längerer Exposition durch Einatmen.
  R38:Reizt die Haut.
  R11:Leichtentzündlich.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S62:Bei Verschlucken kein Erbrechen herbeiführen. Sofort ärztlichen Rat einholen und Verpackung oder dieses Etikett vorzeigen.
  S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).
  S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
  S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
  S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
  S33:Maßnahmen gegen elektrostatische Aufladungen treffen.
  S29:Nicht in die Kanalisation gelangen lassen.
  S9:Behälter an einem gut gelüfteten Ort aufbewahren.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  colourless liquid

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Decane, C10H22, is a flammable liquid with specific gravity 0.73. Decane is a constituent in the paraffin fraction of crude oil and natural gas. It is released to the environment via the manufacture, use, and disposal of many products associated with the petroleum, gasoline, and plastics industries.

• Physikalische Eigenschaften

  Clear, colorless liquid. Reported odor threshold concentrations were 11.3 mg/m³ by Laffort and Dravnieks (1973) and 620 ppb_v by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).

• Verwenden

  Decane is obtained mainly from the refining of petroleum. It is a component of engine fuel and is used in organic synthesis, as a solvent, as a standardized hydrocarbon, and in jet fuel research.

• Verwenden

  Decane is a constituent in the paraffin fraction of petroleum and is also present in low concentrations as a component of gasoline. It is used as a solvent in organic synthesis reactions as a hydrocarbon standard in the manufacture of petroleum products, in the rubber industry, and in the paper processing industry, and as a constituent in polyolefin manufacturing wastes. Decane is a flammable liquid (at room temperature) that is lighter than water.

• Verwenden

  Internal standard in the GC analysis of oxalic, malonic, and succinic acids in biological materials.

• Definition

  ChEBI: Decane is a straight-chain alkane with 10 carbon atoms.

• Reaktionen

  The Combustion Reaction of Decane is as follows:
  Like all hydrocarbons, decane undergoes hydrocarbon combustion when used as a fuel. The balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of decane is: 
  2 C₁₀H₂₂ + 31 O₂ → 20 CO₂ + 22 H₂O + Heat Energy (Enthalpy) 
  The hydrocarbon combustion reaction releases heat energy and is an example of an exothermic reaction. The reaction also has a negative enthalpy change (ΔH) value.

• Synthesis Reference(s)

  The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 43, p. 2259, 1978 DOI: 10.1021/jo00405a036
  Tetrahedron Letters, 34, p. 3745, 1993 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)79216-1

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  A colorless liquid. Flash point 115°F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. In high concentrations its vapors may be narcotic. Used as a solvent and to make other chemicals.

• Air & Water Reaktionen

  Flammable. Insoluble in water.

• Reaktivität anzeigen

  DECANE is incompatible with oxidizing agents.

• Health Hazard

  Contact with eyes may produce mild irritation. Contact with skin may cause defatting, redness, scaling, and hair loss. Ingestion may cause diarrhea, slight central nervous system depression, difficulty in breathing and fatigue. Inhalation of high concentrations may cause rapid breathing, fatigue, headache, dizziness, and other CNS effects.

• Brandgefahr

  Special Hazards of Combustion Products: May produce toxic fumes, including carbon monoxide.

• Flammability and Explosibility

  Flammable

• Biochem/physiol Actions

  Decane-1,2-diol derivative might prevent cancer development.

• Sicherheitsprofil

  Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. A simple asphyxiant. Narcotic in high concentrations, Flammable liquid when exposed to heat or flame. Can react with oxidizing materials. Moderately explosive in its vapor form. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. Emitted from modern buildtng materials (CENEAR 69,22,91). See also ARGON for discussion of asphyxiants.

• Carcinogenicity

  Mice treated with decane developed tumors on the backs, after exposure to ultraviolet radiation at wavelengths longer than 350 nm, generally considered noncarcinogenic. A series of 21 tobacco smoke components and related compounds were applied to mouse skin (50 female ICR/Ha Swiss mice/group) three times weekly with 5 mug/application of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The test compounds were of five classes: aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, and longchain acids and alcohols. Decane was among the compounds that enhanced remarkably the carcinogenicity of B[a]P. and also acted as tumor promoter in two-stage carcinogenesis.

• Source

  Major constituent in paraffin (quoted, Verschueren, 1983).
  Identified as one of 140 volatile constituents in used soybean oils collected from a processing plant that fried various beef, chicken, and veal products (Takeoka et al., 1996).
  California Phase II reformulated gasoline contained decane at a concentration of 1,120 mg/kg. Gas-phase tailpipe emission rates from gasoline-powered automobiles with and without catalytic converters were 300 and 42,600 μg/km, respectively (Schauer et al., 2002).

• Environmental Fate

  Biological. Decane may biodegrade in two ways. The first is the formation of decyl hydroperoxide, which decomposes to 1-decanol, followed by oxidation to decanoic acid. The other pathway involves dehydrogenation to 1-decene, which may react with water giving 1-decanol (Dugan, 1972). Microorganisms can oxidize alkanes under aerobic conditions (Singer and Finnerty, 1984). The most common degradative pathway involves the oxidation of the terminal methyl group forming the corresponding alcohol (1-decanol). The alcohol may undergo a series of dehydrogenation steps, forming decanal, followed by oxidation forming decanoic acid. The fatty acid may then be metabolized by β-oxidation to form the mineralization products, carbon dioxide and water (Singer and Finnerty, 1984). Hou (1982) reported 1-decanol and 1,10-decanediol as degradation products by the microorganism Corynebacterium.
  Photolytic. A photooxidation reaction rate constant of 1.16 x 10^-11 cm³/molecule?sec was reported for the reaction of decane with OH in the atmosphere (Atkinson, 1990).
  Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air yields carbon dioxide and water vapor. Decane will not hydrolyze because it has no hydrolyzable functional group.

• läuterung methode

  It can be purified by shaking with conc H2SO4, washing with water, aqueous NaHCO3, and more water, then drying with MgSO4, refluxing with Na and distilling. Also purify through a column of silica gel or alumina. It has been purified by azeotropic distillation with 2-butoxyethanol, the alcohol being washed out of the distillate, using water, the decane is next dried and redistilled. It can be stored with NaH. Further purification can be achieved by preparative gas chromatography on a column packed with 30% SE-30 (General Electric methyl-silicone rubber) on 42/60 Chromosorb P at 150o and 40psig, using helium [Chu J Chem Phys 41 226 1964]. It is soluble in EtOH and Et2O. [Beilstein 1 IV 484.]

• Toxicity evaluation

  If released to air, n-decane will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-decane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals, the half-life for this reaction in air is approximately 11.5 h.
  Based on n-decane’s vapor pressure, it may volatilize from dry soil surfaces. In biodegradation studies in soil, hydrocarbons with molecular weights equivalent to or lower than decane disappeared from the soil in both active and sterile treatments by the first sampling time (5 days), indicating that evaporation was a major removal process. Decane is expected to have low to no mobility in soil based on estimated organic carbon partition coefficient (Koc) values in the range of 1700– 43 000. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based on a Henry’s law constant of 5.2 atm m³ mol^-1, which is calculated from n-decane’s vapor pressure and water solubility. Adsorption to soil, however, would be expected to attenuate due to volatilization.

Decane Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Decan Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

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