Hydrochlorothiazid

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Warnung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H302：Gesundheitsschädlich bei Verschlucken.

Hydrochlorothiazide Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
  R42/43:Sensibilisierung durch Einatmen und Hautkontakt möglich.
  R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
  R23/25:Giftig beim Einatmen und Verschlucken.
  R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
  S24:Berührung mit der Haut vermeiden.
  S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
  S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
  S33:Maßnahmen gegen elektrostatische Aufladungen treffen.
  S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
  S7:Behälter dicht geschlossen halten.
  S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
  S27:Beschmutzte, getränkte Kleidung sofort ausziehen.
  S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  White Solid

• Originator

  Hydrodiuril,MSD,US,1959

• Verwenden

  Hydrochlorothiazide is one of the most widely used drugs of this series, and it is used for the same indications, as is chlorothiazide. Hydrochlorothiazide causes less inhibition of carbonic anhydrase, but causes 5–10 times more diuresis of sodium ions than chlorothiazide using the same dose.

• Verwenden

  A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Diuretic.

• Verwenden

  Labelled Hydrochlorothiazide (H714560). Hydrochlorothiazide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor as a diuretic.

• Definition

  ChEBI: A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.

• Manufacturing Process

  As described in US Patent 3,163,645, a mixture of 2.9 grams of 5-chloro-2,4- disulfamyl aniline in 15 ml of anhydrous diethyleneglycol dimethyl ether, 0.5 ml of an ethyl acetate solution containing 109.5 grams of hydrogen chloride per 1,000 ml and 0.33 grams (0.011 mol) of paraformaldehyde is heated to 80° to 90°C and maintained at that temperature for 1 hour. The resulting mixture is cooled to room temperature and concentrated to one-third of its volume under reduced pressure, diluted with water, then allowed to crystallize. The product is filtered off and recrystallized from water, to yield the desired 6-chloro-7-sulfamyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,2,4]-benzothiadiazine-1,1- dioxide, MP 266° to 268°C, yield 1.4 grams. By replacing paraformaldehyde by 0.84 gram of 1,1 -dimethoxymethane and proceeding as above, the same compound is obtained.
  As described in US Patent 3,025,292, the desired product may be made by hydrogenation of chlorothiazide. Three grams of 6-chloro-7-sulfamyl-1,2,4- benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide (chlorothiazide) is suspended in 100 ml of methanol. Then 1.0 gram of a 5% ruthenium on charcoal catalyst is added, and the mixture is reduced at room temperature and at an initial hydrogen pressure of 39 psig. The theoretical amount of hydrogen to form the 3,4- dihydro derivative is absorbed after a period of about 10 hours.
  The reduction mixture then is heated to boiling and filtered hot to remove the catalyst. The catalyst is washed with a little methanol and the combined filtrate is concentrated to a volume of about 25 ml by evaporation on a steam bath. Upon cooling to room temperature, white crystals separate which are filtered, washed with water, and dried in vacuo at room temperature over phosphorus pentoxide overnight. The weight of 6-chloro-7-sulfamyl 3,4- dihydro-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide obtained is 1.26 grams; MP 268.5° to 270°C. Dilution of the above filtrate with water to a volume of about 125 ml gives a second crop of product having the same melting point and weighing 1.22 grams, giving a combined yield of 83%. When the product is mixed with an authentic sample of 6-chloro-7-sulfamyl-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4- benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide, prepared by another method, the melting point is not depressed.

• Trademarks

  Esidrix (Novartis); Hydro-D (Halsey); Hydrodiuril (Merck); Microzide (Watson); Oretic (Abbott); Zide (Solvay Pharmaceuticals).

• Therapeutic Function

  Diuretic

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  Crystals or white powder.

• Air & Water Reaktionen

  Insoluble in water.

• Reaktivität anzeigen

  Strong reducing agents will produce toxic gases ammonia and hydrogen sulfide.

• Brandgefahr

  Flash point data for Hydrochlorothiazide are not available but Hydrochlorothiazide is probably combustible.

• Sicherheitsprofil

  Poison bp intraperitoneal and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion and subcutaneous routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: sodum level changes, chlorine level changes, acute pulmonary edema, nausea or vomiting. Experimental reproductive effects. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Mutation data reported. A duetic. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of SOx, Cl-, and NOx.

• Synthese

  Hydrochlorothiazide, 1,1-dioxide 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4- benzothiadiazin-7-sulfonamide (21.3.4), is synthesized either by cyclization of 4,6-sulfonamido- 3-chloroaniline (21.3.2) using paraformaldehyde, during which simultaneous reduction of the double bond occurs at position C3¨CC4, or the drug is synthesized by reduction of the same double bond in chlorothiazide (21.3.3) by formaldehyde. This small change in structure increases activity of the drug in comparison with chlorothiazide, and increases its absorbability when used orally.

  

• Veterinary Drugs and Treatments

  In veterinary medicine, furosemide has largely supplanted the use of thiazides as a general diuretic (edema treatment). Thiazides are still used for the treatment of systemic hypertension, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and to help prevent the recurrence of calcium oxalate uroliths in dogs.

Hydrochlorothiazide Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Hydrochlorothiazid Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

Global(595)Suppliers

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