Cefoperazon

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Warnung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H302：Gesundheitsschädlich bei Verschlucken.

  H315：Verursacht Hautreizungen.

  H319：Verursacht schwere Augenreizung.

  H335：Kann die Atemwege reizen.

• Sicherheit

  P261：Einatmen von Staub vermeiden.

  P305+P351+P338：BEI KONTAKT MIT DEN AUGEN: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.

Cefoperazone Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R20/21/22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen,Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
  R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
  S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.

• Beschreibung

  Cefoperazone has a C-7 side chain reminiscent of piperacillin's and also possesses the C-3 side chain (MTT ) that often is associated with the bleeding and alcohol intolerance problems among patients taking cephalosporins. Its useful activity against pseudomonads partly compensates for this, although it is not potent enough to be used as a single agent against this difficult pathogen. The C-7 side chain does not convey sufficient resistance to many β-lactamases, although the addition of clavulanic acid or sulbactam would presumably help.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  white crystals

• Originator

  Cefobid,Pfizer,W. Germany,1981

• Verwenden

  Antibacterial.

• Verwenden

  Cefoperazone acid is an antimicrobial β-lactamase inhibitor.

• Verwenden

  Cefoperazone also has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action, including most clinically significant microorganisms: Gram-positive, Gram-negative, aerobic, and anaerobic. It is stable with respect to most beta-lactamases of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
  Cefoperazone is used for bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract, urinary and sexual tracts, bones, joints, skin, soft tissues, abdominal, and gynecological infections. Synonyms of this drug are cefazon, cefobid, cefobis, and many others.

• Definition

  ChEBI: A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.

• Manufacturing Process

  To a suspension of 3.0 g of 7-[D-(-)-α-amino-p-hydroxyphenylacetamido]-3- [5-(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazolyl)thiomethyl]-?3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid in 29 ml of water was added 0.95 g of anhydrous potassium carbonate. After the solution was formed, 15 ml of ethyl acetate was added to the solution, and 1.35 g of 4-ethyl-2,3-dioxo-1-piperazinocarbonyl chloride was added to the resulting solution at 0°C to 5°C over a period of 15 minutes, and then the mixture was reacted at 0°C to 5°C for 30 minutes. After the reaction, an aqueous layer was separated off, 40 ml of ethyl acetate and 10 ml of acetone were added to the aqueous layer, and then the resulting solution was adjusted to a pH of 2.0 by addition of dilute hydrochloric acid. Thereafter, an organic layer was separated off, the organic layer was washed two times with 10 ml of water, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was removed by distillation under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in 10 ml of acetone, and 60 ml of 2-propanol was added to the solution to deposit crystals. The deposited crystals were collected by filtration, washed with 2- propanol, and then dried to obtain 3.27 g of 7-[D-(-)-α-(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxo)-1- piperazinocarbonylamino)-p-hydroxyphenylacetamido]-3-[5-(1-methyl- 1,2,3,4-tetrazolyl)thiomethyl]-?3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid, yield 80.7%. The product forms crystals, MP 188°C to 190°C (with decomposition).

• Trademarks

  Cefobid (Pfizer).

• Therapeutic Function

  Antibiotic

• Antimicrobial activity

  A semisynthetic parenteral cephalosporin. It is unstable, losing activity on storage even at –20°C. A formulation with sulbactam is available in some countries.
  It exhibits moderate activity against carbenicillin-sensitive strains of Ps. aeruginosa. Activity against Burk. cepacia and Sten. maltophilia is unreliable. It is much less stable to enterobacterial β-lactamases than most other cephalosporins of groups 4–6 and consequently has unreliable activity against many species, including β-lactamase-producing strains of H. influenzae and N. gonorrhoeae. It is active against Achromobacter, Flavobacterium, Aeromonas and associated non-fermenters. Past. multocida is extremely susceptible (MIC <0.01–0.02 mg/L). It exhibits modest activity against most Gram-negative anaerobes, but not B. fragilis. Sulbactam increases activity against many, but not all, enterobacteria and non-fermenters, and almost all B. fragilis.
  A 2 g intravenous infusion achieves a peak plasma concentration of 250 mg/L. The plasma half-life is 1.5–2 h. Over 85% is bound to plasma proteins. It achieves therapeutic concentrations in tissue and inflammatory exudates. Variable low levels are found in the sputum up to 1.5% of simultaneous serum levels. Penetration into CSF is unreliable even in the presence of meningeal inflammation.
  The bile is a major route of excretion, accounting for almost 20% of the dose. About 20–30% is eliminated in urine, almost entirely by glomerular filtration. Clearance is effectively unchanged by renal failure or dialysis.
  Side effects associated with the methylthiotetrazole side chain have been reported. Diarrhea has been notable in some studies. Marked suppression of fecal flora, with the appearance of C. difficile, has occasionally been found. There is a 5–10% incidence of mild transient increases in liver function tests. Its potential toxicity and the availability of compounds with better β-lactamase stability and more reliable antipseudomonal activity have undermined its popularity.

• Synthese

  Cefoperazone, (6R,7R)-7-[(R)-2-(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxo-1-piperazincarboxamido)-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-3-[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]methyl]-8-oxo- 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-2-carboxylic acid (32.1.2.84), is synthesized by acylating 7-amino-3-(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl-3-cefem-4-carboxylic acid (32.1.2.24) with a mixed anhydride synthesized from ethyl chloroformate and |á-(4-ethylpiperazin-2, 3-dion-1-carbonylamino)-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (32.1.2.83), which in turn is synthesized from 4-ethylpiperazin-2,3-dion-1-carboxylic acid (32.1.1.29) and the sodium salt of 4-hydroxyphenylglycine.

  

• Einzelnachweise

  [1]. kato y1,takahara s,kato s,kubo y,sai y,tamai i,yabuuchi h,tsuji a. involvement of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (abcc2) in molecular weight-dependent biliary excretion of beta-lactam antibiotics.drug metab dispos.2008 jun;36(6):1088-96. doi: 10.1124/dmd.107.019125. epub 2008 mar 13.
  [2]. craig wa,gerber au. pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone: a review. drugs.1981;22suppl 1:35-45.

Cefoperazone Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Cefoperazon Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

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