D(+)-Trehalose dihydrate

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Warnung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H315：Verursacht Hautreizungen.

  H319：Verursacht schwere Augenreizung.

  H335：Kann die Atemwege reizen.

• Sicherheit

  P261：Einatmen von Staub vermeiden.

  P305+P351+P338：BEI KONTAKT MIT DEN AUGEN: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.

D(+)-Trehalose dihydrate Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R38:Reizt die Haut.
  R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
  S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.

• Beschreibung

  Trehalose is a natural non-reducing disaccharide composed of two α-glucose units. It is found in all major groups of organisms except vertebrates, has biological functions as an osmolyte, storage reserve, and stress protectant, and has diverse commercial applications. Trehalose can also induce or enhance autophagy.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  D(+)-Trehalose dihydrate occurs as virtually odorless, white or almost white crystals with a sweet taste (approximately 45% of the sweetness of sucrose).

• Verwenden

  Stabilizes cells during freezing, freeze-drying and air-drying. Sweetener and stabilizer in foods; cryoprotectant for freeze-dried foods. Additive in cosmetics and personal care products.

• Verwenden

  D(+)-Trehalose dihydrate is used in many processed foods as well as in biopharmaceutical monoclonal antibody formulations, it is also used as a protein stabilize.

• Vorbereitung Methode

  Trehalose is prepared from liquefied starch by a multistep enzymatic process. The commercial product is the dihydrate.

• Pharmazeutische Anwendungen

  D(+)-Trehalose dihydrate is used for the lyoprotection of therapeutic proteins, particularly for parenteral administration. Other pharmaceutically relevant applications include use as an excipient for diagnostic assay tablets; for stabilization during the freeze–thaw and lyophilization of liposomes; and for stabilization of blood cells, cosmetics, and monoclonal antibodies. Trehalose may also be used in formulations for topical application.

• Biochem/physiol Actions

  D(+)-Trehalose dihydrate is a non-reducing sugar formed from two glucose units joined by a 1-1 alpha bond. It is thought to provide plants and animals with the ability to withstanding periods of dehydration.

• Sicherheit(Safety)

  Trehalose is used in cosmetics, foods, and parenteral and nonparenteral pharmaceutical formulations. It is generally regarded as a relatively nontoxic and nonirritant material when used as an excipient.
  In the gut, trehalose is rapidly metabolized to glucose by the specific enzyme trehalase. A small minority of the population exhibits a primary (hereditary) or secondary (acquired) trehalase deficiency and thus may experience intestinal discomfort after ingestion of excessive amounts of trehalose owing to the osmotic activity of undigested trehalose in the gut. However, smaller amounts of trehalose are tolerated by such individuals without any symptoms.
  Trehalose is used as a sweetener and is reported to have substantially less cariogenic potential than sucrose.
  LD50 (dog, IV): >1 g/kg
  LD50 (dog, oral): >5 g/kg
  LD50 (mouse, IV): >1 g/kg
  LD50 (mouse, oral): >5 g/kg
  LD50 (rat, IV): >1 g/kg
  LD50 (rat, oral): >5 g/kg

• Lager

  Trehalose is a relatively stable material. At 60°C for 5 hours it loses not more than 1.5% w/w of water (the dihydrate water of crystallization is retained). Open stored powder may liquefy at high relative humidity (≥90%).
  Trehalose should be stored in a cool, dry place in a well-sealed container.

• läuterung methode

  α,α-D(+)-Trehalose crystallises (as the dihydrate) from aqueous EtOH. Dry it at 13o. For the anhydrous compound dissolve 10g in pyridine (200mL) and distil off this solvent at atmospheric pressure, and when the temperature rises to 115.3o all the H2O is removed and 73mL of distillate is collected. Most of the anhydrous material crystallises out at this stage. The crystals are collected (6.8g), washed with Et2O to give 6.1g of anhydrous product. Higher yields are obtained by slightly more prolonged distillation. [Birch J Chem Soc 3489 1965, X-ray cryst: Brown et al. Acta Cryst 28 3145 1972, Beilstein 17/8 V 3.]

• Inkompatibilitäten

  D(+)-Trehalose dihydrate is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, especially in the presence of heat.

• Regulatory Status

  GRAS listed. In the UK trehalose may be used in certain food applications. Included in parenteral and nonparenteral investigational formulations.

D(+)-Trehalose dihydrate Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

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