Biphenyl

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Warnung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H315：Verursacht Hautreizungen.

  H319：Verursacht schwere Augenreizung.

  H335：Kann die Atemwege reizen.

  H410：Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen mit langfristiger Wirkung.

• Sicherheit

  P261：Einatmen von Staub vermeiden.

  P264：Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.

  P264：Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.

  P271：Nur im Freien oder in gut belüfteten Räumen verwenden.

  P273：Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden.

  P302+P352：BEI BERÜHRUNG MIT DER HAUT: Mit viel Wasser/... (Hersteller kann, falls zweckmäßig, ein Reinigungsmittel angeben oder, wenn Wasser eindeutig ungeeignet ist, ein alternatives Mittel empfehlen) waschen.

  P305+P351+P338：BEI KONTAKT MIT DEN AUGEN: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.

Biphenyl Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

  WEISSE KRISTALLE ODER FLOCKEN MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.

• PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN

  Staubexplosion der pulverisierten oder granulierten Substanz in Gemischen mit Luft möglich.

• CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

  Reagiert mit Oxidationsmitteln.

• ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

  TLV: 0.2 ppm (als TWA); (ACGIH 2006). MAK: Hautresorption (H); Krebserzeugend Kategorie 3B; (DFG 2006).
  

• AUFNAHMEWEGE

  Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.

• INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

  Eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann schnell erreicht werden.

• WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

  WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
  Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege.

• WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION

  Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf die Leber und das Nervensystem mit nachfolgenden Funktionsstörungen.

• LECKAGE

  Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, A/P2-Filter für organische Dämpfe und schädlichen Staub. Verschüttetes Material in verschließbaren Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste sorgfältig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen.

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
  R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
  R67:Dämpfe können Schläfrigkeit und Benommenheit verursachen.
  R65:Gesundheitsschädlich: kann beim Verschlucken Lungenschäden verursachen.
  R62:Kann möglicherweise die Fortpflanzungsfähigkeit beeinträchtigen.
  R48/20:Gesundheitsschädlich: Gefahr ernster Gesundheitsschäden bei längerer Exposition durch Einatmen.
  R11:Leichtentzündlich.
  R39/23/24/25:Giftig: ernste Gefahr irreversiblen Schadens durch Einatmen, Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
  R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).
  S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Behälter sind als gefährlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
  S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
  S62:Bei Verschlucken kein Erbrechen herbeiführen. Sofort ärztlichen Rat einholen und Verpackung oder dieses Etikett vorzeigen.
  S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
  S33:Maßnahmen gegen elektrostatische Aufladungen treffen.
  S29:Nicht in die Kanalisation gelangen lassen.
  S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
  S9:Behälter an einem gut gelüfteten Ort aufbewahren.
  S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).

• Aussehen Eigenschaften

  C12H10; Diphenyl. Farblos bis gelbliche Kristalle mit aromatischem, charkteristischem Geruch (entfernt nach Geranien).

• Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt

  Reizt die Atmungsorgane, Augen und die Haut. Schädigt Leber und Nieren. Lungenödem nach Inhalation möglich.
  LD₅₀ (oral, Ratte): 3280 mg/kg.

• Schutzmaßnahmen und Verhaltensregeln

  Geeignete Schutzhandschuhe als kurzzeitiger Staubschutz.

• Verhalten im Gefahrfall

  Staubentwicklung vermeiden.
  Trocken aufnehmen. Der Entsorgung zuführen. Nachreinigen.
  Kohlendioxid, Wasser, Pulver.
  Brennbar. Staubexplosion möglich.

• Erste Hilfe

  Nach Hautkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser abwaschen.
  Nach Augenkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser bei geöffnetem Lidspalt mindestens 10 Minuten ausspülen. Augenarzt hinzuziehen.
  Nach Einatmen: Frischluft.
  Nach Verschlucken: Reichlich Wasser trinken lassen. Erbrechen auslösen. Arzt hinzuziehen.
  Nach Kleidungskontakt: Kontaminierte Kleidung entfernen.
  Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag

• Sachgerechte Entsorgung

  Als feste Laborchemikalienabfälle.

• Beschreibung

  Biphenyl is an organic compound with chemical formula of C12H10. It is a white crystalline powder, insoluble in water, soluble in ether, ethanol, carbon tetrachloride, dioxane, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. it is mainly used as solvent, heat transfer agent, fruit mildew inhibitor and organic synthesis.

• Beschreibung

  Biphenyl, also called diphenyl, consists of two benzene rings joined by a single bond. It exists as colorless to yellowish crystals, has a distinctive odor, and occurs naturally in oil, natural gas, and coal tar.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  1,1'-Biphenyl is a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor and stable organic compound. It is combustible at high temperatures, producing carbon dioxide and water when combustion is complete. Partial combustion produces carbon monoxide, smoke, soot, and low molecular weight hydrocarbons. It is used extensively in the production of heat-transfer fl uids, for example, as an intermediate for polychlorinated biphenyls, and dye carriers for textile dyeing. It is also used as a mold retardant in citrus fruit wrappers, in the formation of plastics, optical brighteners, and hydraulic fluids.

• Physikalische Eigenschaften

  White scales with a pleasant but peculiar odor. Odor threshold concentration is 0.83 ppb (quoted, Amoore and Hautala, 1983).

• Occurrence

  Reported found in coal tar, bilberry, carrots, peas, potato, bell pepper, rum, cocoa, tomato, coffee, roasted peanuts, olive (Olea europae), buckwheat and tamarind (Tamarindus indica L).

• Verwenden

  Biphenyl is used as an antifungal agent to preserve citrus fruit, in citrus wrappers to retard mold growth, in heat transfer fluids, in dye carriers for textiles and copying paper, as a solvent in pharmaceutical production, in optical brighteners, and as an intermediate for the production of a wide range of organic compounds.

• Verwenden

  Biphenyl is used to prevent fungal attack on stored citrus fruit. It is impregnated into fruit wraps.

• Verwenden

  As heat transfer agent; fungistat for oranges (applied to inside of shipping container or wrappers); in organic syntheses.

• Definition

  ChEBI: A benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of two benzene rings connected by a single covalent bond. Biphenyl occurs naturally in coal tar, crude oil, and natural gas. Formerly used as a fungicide for citrus crops.

• Application

  Biphenyl is an important organic raw material, which is widely used in medicine, pesticide, dye, liquid crystal materials and other fields. It can be used to synthesize plasticizers and preservatives, and can also be used to manufacture fuels, engineering plastics and high-energy fuels. Biphenyls are found in coal tar, crude oil and natural gas. The preparation methods of biphenyl include chemical synthesis of biphenyl by pyrolysis of benzene and separation and extraction of biphenyl from various coal tar oil fractions. The mass fraction of biphenyl in coal tar is 0.20% - 0.40%. Coal tar extraction and chemical synthesis coexist. Biphenyl is combustible. In case of high temperature, open fire and oxidant, it is dangerous to burn. It should be stored in a cool and ventilated warehouse away from kindling and heat source. It should be stored separately from oxidants and strong acids. It should be loaded and unloaded gently to keep the package intact. Biphenyl is used as heat exchanger and impregnator of fruit packaging paper. Biphenyl can be used in organic synthesis. Biphenyl is the raw material of engineering plastics polysulfone. It is used to prepare Trichlorobenzene and pentachlorophenyl. Biphenyl is used as heat carrier, preservative, dye and so on. Biphenyl is used as a reference material for chromatographic analysis. Biphenyl is the intermediate of rodenticides rodenticide modek and bromadine, and it is an organic carrier with good performance.

• synthetische

  By thermal dehydrogenation of benzene.

• Definition

  An organic compound having a structure in which two phenyl groups are joined by a C–C bond.

• Aroma threshold values

  Detection: 0.5 ppb

• Synthesis Reference(s)

  Journal of the American Chemical Society, 83, p. 1251, 1961 DOI: 10.1021/ja01466a056
  Tetrahedron Letters, 25, p. 391, 1984 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)99891-5

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  A clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Flash point 180°F. Insoluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air. Used to manufacture other chemicals and as a fungicide.

• Air & Water Reaktionen

  Insoluble in water.

• Reaktivität anzeigen

  Biphenyl is incompatible with oxidizers.

• Health Hazard

  Exposures to 1,1’-biphenyl cause acute effects with symptoms that include, but are not limited to, polyuria, accelerated breathing, lacrimation, anorexia, weight loss, muscular weakness, coma, fatty liver cell degeneration, and severe nephrotic lesions. Exposure to biphenyl fumes for short periods of time causes nausea, vomiting, irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract, and bronchitis. Breathing small amounts of 1,1’-biphenyl over long periods of time causes damage to the liver and the nervous system of exposed workers. Breathing the mists, vapors, or fumes may irritate the nose, throat, and lungs. Depending on the concentration and duration of exposure, the symptoms include, but are not limited to, sore throat, coughing, labored breathing, sneezing, a burning sensation, and the effects of CNS depression. Symptoms may include headache, excitation, euphoria, dizziness, incoordination, drowsiness, light-headedness, blurred vision, fatigue, tremors, convulsions, loss of consciousness, coma, respiratory arrest, and death, depending on the concentration and duration of exposure

• Brandgefahr

  Combustible. Emits toxic fumes under fire conditions.

• Flammability and Explosibility

  Non flammable

• Sicherheitsprofil

  Poison by intravenous route.Moderately toxic by ingestion. A powerful irritant byinhalation in humans. Human systemic effects byinhalation of very small amounts: flaccid paralysis, nauseaor vomiting, and other unspecified gastrointestinal effects.Que

• mögliche Exposition

  Biphenyl is a fungicide (pesticide). It is also used as a heat transfer agent, dye carrier, and as an intermediate in organic synthesis.

• Erste Hilfe

  If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least 15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts theskin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediatelywith soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. Ifthis chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR ifheart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medicalfacility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Do not induce vomiting.

• Source

  Present in coal tar at a concentration of 2.72 mg/g (Lao et al., 1975). Detected in woodpreserving creosotes at a concentration of 2.1 wt % (Nestler, 1974). Typical concentration of biphenyl in a heavy pyrolysis oil is 2.3 wt % (Chevron Phillips, May 2003).

• Environmental Fate

  Biological. Reported biodegradation products include 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybi phenyl, 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl, 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate, 2-hydroxy- 3-phenyl-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate, 2-oxopenta-4-enoate, phenylpyruvic acid (Verschueren, 1983), 2-hydroxybiphenyl, 4-hydroxybiphenyl and 4,4′-hydroxybiphenyl (Smith and Rosazza, 1974). Under aerobic conditions, Beijerinckia sp. degraded biphenyl to cis-2,3- dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl. In addition, Oscillatoria sp. and Pseudomonas putida degraded biphenyl to 4-hydroxybiphenyl and benzoic acid, respectively (Kobayashi and Rittman, 1982). The microbe Candida lipolytica degraded biphenyl into the following products: 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxybiphenyl, 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl and 3-methoxy-4-hydrox ybiphenyl (Cerniglia and Crow, 1981). With the exception of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybiphe nyl, these products were also identified as metabolites by Cunninghanella elegans (Dodge et al., 1979). In activated sludge, 15.2% mineralized to carbon dioxide after 5 days (Freitag et al., 1985).
  Photolytic. A carbon dioxide yield of 9.5% was achieved when biphenyl adsorbed on silica gel was irradiated with light (λ >290 nm) for 17 hours. Irradiation of biphenyl (λ >300 nm) in the presence of nitrogen monoxide resulted in the formation of
  Chemical/Physical. The aqueous chlorination of biphenyl at 40°C over a pH range of 6.2 to 9.0 yielded o-chlorobiphenyl and m-chlorobiphenyl (Snider and Alley, 1979). In an acidic aqueous solution (pH 4.5) containing bromide ions and a chlorinatin
  Biphenyl will not hydrolyze since it has no hydrolyzable functional group.

• Stoffwechselwegen

  Biphenyl is a stable compound. It has a restricted use as a fungistat applied to citrus packing material. This has generated studies on its toxicity and metabolism in mammals and residue studies in stored fruit. Only limited information on its environmental fate has been published.

• Lager

  1,1’-Biphenyl should be kept stored in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, isolated, and properly ventilated area, away from heat, sources of ignition, incompatibles, and contact with strong oxidizers.

• Versand/Shipping

  UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1—Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.

• läuterung methode

  Crystallise biphenyl from EtOH, MeOH, aqueous MeOH, pet ether (b 40-60o) or glacial acetic acid. Free it from polar impurities by passage through an alumina column in *benzene, followed by evaporation. The residue has been purified by distillation in a vacuum and by zone refining. Treatment with maleic anhydride removes anthracene-like impurities. It has been recrystallised from EtOH followed by repeated vacuum sublimation and passage through a zone refiner. [Taliani & Bree J Phys Chem 88 2351 1984, Beilstein 5 H 576, 5 I 271, 5 II 479, 5 III 1726, 5 IV 1807.]

• Degradation

  Biphenyl is not subject to hydrolysis.

• Inkompatibilitäten

  Mist may form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.

• Waste disposal

  Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.

• Vorsichtsmaßnahmen

  Occupational workers should be careful during use and chemical management because the fi nely dispersed particles of 1,1’-biphenyl form explosive mixtures in air

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