Phenothiazin

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Warnung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H302：Gesundheitsschädlich bei Verschlucken.

  H317：Kann allergische Hautreaktionen verursachen.

  H373：Kann die Organe schädigen bei längerer oder wiederholter Exposition.

  H410：Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen mit langfristiger Wirkung.

• Sicherheit

  P260：Dampf/Aerosol/Nebel nicht einatmen.

  P273：Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden.

  P280：Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.

  P301+P312：BEI VERSCHLUCKEN: Bei Unwohlsein GIFTINFORMATIONSZENTRUM/Arzt/... (geeignete Stelle für medizinische Notfallversorgung vom Hersteller/Lieferanten anzugeben) anrufen.

  P302+P352：BEI BERÜHRUNG MIT DER HAUT: Mit viel Wasser/... (Hersteller kann, falls zweckmäßig, ein Reinigungsmittel angeben oder, wenn Wasser eindeutig ungeeignet ist, ein alternatives Mittel empfehlen) waschen.

  P314：Bei Unwohlsein ärztlichen Rat einholen / ärztliche Hilfe hinzuziehen.

Phenothiazine Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

  GELBE KRISTALLE, VERFäRBEN SICH TIEFGRüN BEI KONTAKT MIT LICHT.

• CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

  Zersetzung beim Erhitzen und bei Kontakt mit Säuren unter Bildung giftiger und reizender Rauche mit Stickstoffoxiden und Schwefeloxiden.

• ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

  TLV: 5 mg/m?(als TWA); Hautresorption; (ACGIH 2005).
  MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
  

• AUFNAHMEWEGE

  Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.

• INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

  Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachlässigbar; eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim Dispergieren schnell erreicht werden.

• WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

  WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
  Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Hautund die Atemwege.

• WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION

  Wiederholter oder andauernder Hautkontakt kann Dermatitis hervorrufen. Wiederholter oder andauernder Kontakt kann zu Hautsensibilisierung oder Photosensibilisierung führen.

• LECKAGE

  Verschüttetes Material in Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste sorgfältig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P2-Filter für schädliche Partikel.

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
  R43:Sensibilisierung durch Hautkontakt möglich.
  R51/53:Giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
  R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
  R40:Verdacht auf krebserzeugende Wirkung.
  R20/21/22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen,Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
  S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
  S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
  S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
  S29:Nicht in die Kanalisation gelangen lassen.
  S22:Staub nicht einatmen.

• Beschreibung

  Phenothiazine was initially synthesized in 1883 by Bernthsen. It was the basis for the development of other drugs including the phenothiazine class of antipsychotics or neuroleptics. Phenothiazines are the largest class of neuroleptics and include agents such as chlorpromazine, thioridazine, and prochlorperazine. In 1933, a derivative of phenothiazine, promethazine, was synthesized. It was found to have much more significant sedative and antihistaminic effects than previous derivatives of phenothiazine and it was used to induce sedation for surgical patients. After promethazine was developed, a series of agents, including chlorpromazine, was synthesized and tested in France at a military hospital by the French physician Laborit. Laborit found that chlorpromazine induced calm in patients and had other effects that might be useful clinically. Chlorpromazine, known colloquially as ‘Laborit’s drug’ was released into the market in 1953 after a trial published in 1952 showed efficacy in treatment of psychosis in 38 individuals who received daily injections of chlorpromazine. Chlorpromazine is the prototypical drug for the phenothiazine class of antipsychotics. The phenothiazines are classified as low-potency antipsychotics and have more side effects at standard doses than the newer agents used as neuroleptics. For example, they are more anticholinergic and have more extrapyramidal effect than newer agents.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  yellow or pale green powder

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Phenothiazine is a greenish-yellow to greenish-gray crystalline substance. Slight odor and taste.

• Verwenden

  Insecticide; manufacture of pharmaceuticals.

• Verwenden

  A key component of antipsychotic and antihistaminic drugs.

• Verwenden

  Employed in the preparation of carbazoles and piperazines,1 and charge-transfer semiconducting complexes.2

• Verwenden

  A rigid, tricyclic thiazine useful as an electron donor.

• Verwenden

  Phenothiazines are neuroleptic agents that affect a variety of receptors including dopaminergic receptor sites. Phenothiazines are used to treat psychosis including schizophrenia; violent, agitated, disturbed behavior; and mania secondary to bipolar disorder. Other uses include treatment of pain, headache, hiccups, acute severe anxiety, idiopathic dystonia, withdrawal, taste disorders, leishmaniasis, acute intermittent porphyria, and alleviation of nausea and vomiting. Phenothiazines allow smoother induction of anesthesia, potentiate anesthetic agents, and treat behavioral symptoms secondary to Alzheimer disease and senile dementia. Some phenothiazines exert an antipruritic effect and are useful for the treatment of neurodermatitis and pruriginous eczema, and relieve psychogenic itching.

• Definition

  ChEBI: The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.

• Trademarks

  Nemazine (Parke-Davis).

• Synthesis Reference(s)

  Synthesis, p. 506, 1974 DOI: 10.1055/s-1974-23359

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  Light green to steel-blue powder. Acquires a greenish-brown tint under exposure to sunlight.

• Air & Water Reaktionen

  Insoluble in water.

• Reaktivität anzeigen

  Phenothiazine is slowly decomposed by sunlight. . Organosulfides are incompatible with acids, diazo and azo compounds, halocarbons, isocyanates, aldehydes, alkali metals, nitrides, hydrides, and other strong reducing agents. Reactions with these materials generate heat and in many cases hydrogen gas. Many of these compounds may liberate hydrogen sulfide upon decomposition or reaction with an acid.

• Brandgefahr

  Flash point data for Phenothiazine are not available, but Phenothiazine is probably combustible.

• Flammability and Explosibility

  Non flammable

• Sicherheitsprofil

  Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic to humans by ingestion. Experimental reproductive effects. An insecticide. Large doses, i.e., heavy exposure, may cause hemolytic anemia and toxic degeneration of the liver. Can cause skin irritation and photosensitization. Dangerous; when heated to decomposition or on contact with acid or acid fumes it emits hghly toxic fumes of SOx and NOx.

• mögliche Exposition

  Phenothiazine is used as an insecticide; as a base for the manufacture of tranquilizers; as anthelmintic in medicine and veterinary medicine; it is used widely as an intermediate in pharmaceutical manufacture; polymerization inhibitor, antioxidant.

• Environmental Fate

  Physicochemical Properties
  Phenothiazine has the standard formula S(C6H4)2NH and includes a tricyclic structure that is related to the thiazines. Thiazines are used in the manufacture of synthetic dies.
  Chlorpromazine
  Chlorpromazine is a white to off-white substance (both the base and the hydrochloride salt) that is a powder or waxy solid as a base and a crystalline powder as the hydrochloride. Chlorpromazine is odorless or has a slightly amine-like odor. It has a melting point of 56–58 °C and in the basic form is practically insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, and less soluble in chloroform and ether. It is freely soluble in dilute mineral acids. As the hydrochloride salt, chlorpromazine is soluble in water, less soluble in alcohol and chloroform, and insoluble in ether. A 10% aqueous solution has a pH of 3.5–4.5.

• Versand/Shipping

  UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required

• läuterung methode

  Crystallise it from *benzene, toluene, hexane or Me2CO (charcoal) after boiling for 10minutes under reflux. Filter the crystals off and dry them in an oven at 100o, then in a vacuum desiccator over paraffin chips. Also recrystallise it twice from water and dry it in an oven at 100o for 8-10hours. It sublimes at 130o/1mm and has UV with at 253nm in heptane. [Beilstein

• Toxicity evaluation

  Phenothiazines primarily block postsynaptic neurotransmission by binding to dopamine (D1 and D2), muscarinic, histamine H1, and serotonergic 5-HT2 receptors. Phenothiazines also possess peripheral adrenergic receptor blockade and quinidine-like cardiac effects. Phenothiazines may lower the seizure threshold.

• Inkompatibilitäten

  Organosulfides are incompatible with strong acids and acid fumes; elevated temperatures; sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides can be produced. Contact with strong reducing agents such as hydrides; azo and diazo compounds, halocarbons, isocyanates can generate heat and may form explosive hydrogen gas

• Waste disposal

  Dissolve in combustible solvent and spray into incinerator equipped with afterburner and scrubber. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.

Phenothiazine Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Phenothiazin Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

Global(612)Suppliers

92-84-2, Phenothiazine Verwandte Suche: