12001-79-5
基本信息
Synkavite
VITAMIN K
VITAMIN K1 USP23
Vitamin K substances
2-methyl-3-[(E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-enyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione
物理化学性质
| 熔点 | −20 °C(lit.) |
| 密度 | 0.984 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
| 折射率 | n |
| 闪点 | >230 °F |
| 储存条件 | 2-8°C |
| 溶解度 | 溶于二甲基亚砜 |
| 形态 | viscous liquid |
| 颜色 | Light yellow to yellow |
| LogP | 10.305 (est) |
| CAS 数据库 | 12001-79-5 |
| (IARC)致癌物分类 | 3 (Vol. 76) 2000 |
| EPA化学物质信息 | Vitamin K (12001-79-5) |
应用领域
安全数据
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS号 | QJ5800000 |
| F | 1-8-10 |
| 毒性 | mouse,LD50,subcutaneous,700mg/kg (700mg/kg),Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 8, Pg. 25, 1958. |
常见问题列表
维生素K是肝脏合成四种凝血因子(活性凝血因子Ⅱ（凝血酶原）、凝血因子Ⅶ、凝血因子Ⅺ和凝血因子Ⅹ）所必需物质，如果缺乏维生素K1，则肝脏合成的上述四种凝血因子为异常蛋白质分子，它们催化凝血作用的能力大为下降。人们已知维生素K是谷氨酸γ羧化反应的辅因子。缺乏维生素 K则上述凝血因子的γ-羧化不能进行,此外,血中这几种凝血因子减少,会出现凝血迟缓和出血病症。此外，人们公认维生素K溶于线粒体膜的类脂中,起着电子转移作用，维生素 K可增加肠道蠕动和分泌功能，缺乏维生素K时平滑肌张力及收缩减弱,它还可影响一些激素的代谢。如延缓糖皮质激素在肝中的分解，同时具有类似氢化可的松作用,长期注射维生素K可增加甲状腺的内分泌活性等。
维生素K可划分为二大类，均为2-甲基-1,4-萘醌的衍生物，一类是脂溶性维生素，即从绿色植物（如苜蓿、菠菜等绿叶植物等）中提取的维生素K1和从微生物中提取的维生素 K2，人体肠道细菌（如大肠杆菌）也可合成维生素K2。维生素K1是黄色油状物，K2是淡黄色结晶，均有耐热性，但易受紫外线照射而破坏，故要避光保存。另一类是水溶性的维生素，由人工合成即维生素K3和K4。最重要的是维生素K1和K2。
维生素K呈油状液体或固体，不溶于水，能溶于油脂及醚等有机溶剂，化学性质较稳定，能耐热耐酸，但易被碱和紫外线分解。人体需要量少、新生儿却极易缺乏的维生素K，是促进血液正常凝固及骨骼生长的重要维生素。深绿色蔬菜及优酪乳是日常饮食中容易取得的维生素K补给品。人体维生素K的需要量非常少，但它却是维护血液功能正常凝固，减少生理期大量出血，还可防止内出血及痔疮。经常流鼻血的人，应该多从天然食物中摄取维生素K。
Phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and Menaquinones (vitamin K2) are the two naturally occurring forms of vitamin K. Phylloquionone is the major dietary source of vitamin K and is found at highest concentrations in green leafy vegetables. Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) is found in small amounts in chicken, butter, egg yolks, cheese and fermented soyabeans. Vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 are required for the γ-glutamyl carboxylation of all vitamin K-dependent proteins. Vitamin K has important actions in the nervous system. Vitamin K contributes to the biological activation of proteins Gas6 and protein S, ligands for the receptor tyrosine kinases of the TAM family (Tyro3, Axl, and Mer). In brain, vitamin K also participates in the synthesis of sphingolipids, an important class of lipids present in high concentrations in brain cell membranes.
Vitamin K is well-known for its function in blood coagulation. Several human studies report the beneficial role of vitamin K supplementation in improving insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, preventing insulin resistance, and reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes. The adequate intake for vitamin K has been proposed to be 90 µg/day for women and 120 µg/day for men. Vitamin K deficiency results in an increase in undercarboxylated osteocalcin, a protein with low biological activity. Several studies have demonstrated that low dietary vitamin K intake is associated with low bone mineral density or increased fractures. Additionally, vitamin K supplementation has been shown to reduce undercarboxylated osteocalcin and improve the bone turnover profile.