Chemical Properties
Crystalline Solid
Uses
A RARα agonist that induces differentiation and apoptosis
Uses
Synthetic retinoic acid receptor-a/?selective retinoid. Antineoplastic
Uses
Synthetic retinoic acid receptor-α/β-selective retinoid. Antineoplastic.
Biological Activity
Retinoic acid receptor α (RAR α ) agonist that induces differentiation (ED 50 = 0.79 nM) and apoptosis of HL-60 cells in vitro . Exhibits antiproliferative effects against a variety of human tumor cells lines (mean values of 35, 40 and 60% growth inhibition at 0.1, 1 and 10 μ M respectively) and displays anticancer activity against acute promyelocytic leukemia in vivo .
Originator
Toko Yakuhin Kogyo (Japan)
Definition
ChEBI: A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the condensation of one of the carboxy groups of terephthalic acid with the amino group of 5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-amine.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Tamibarotene (Am80) is a RAR α agonist. Tamibarotene was developed to overcome resistance to ATRA and is currently approved in Japan for treatment of recurrent acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The compound induces HL-60 cells differentiation and apoptosis. Similarly to TTNPB, the compound neither binds to nor transactivates the RXRs. In contrast to TTNPB (pan RAR agonist), Tamibarotene is rather specific toward RAR α. The compound is approximate 10 times more potent than ATRA.
Synthesis
Several synthesis of tamibarotene have been disclosed
in the literature including the process scale synthesis
as shown in the scheme. The synthesis started
with preparation of dichloride 134 in 82% yield from diol
133 by treating with concentrated HCL in DCM. Friedal
Crafts reaction of dichloride 134 with acetanilide in the presence
of aluminum chloride at -15??C for 2h provided
acetanilide derivative 136 in 78% yield. In a single pot, the
acetanilide was reacted with PCl5 and dimethylaniline at -25??C for 1.5h followed by quenching the reaction with
methanol for 2h after addition at -25??C. Addition of dimethylaniline
and terepthalic chloride mono-methylester at -30 - -
20??C for 1 hr provided the tamibarotene methyl easter 137 in
81% yield. Hydrolysis of the ester by heating with sodium
hydroxide in MeOH:water mixture for 1h followed isolation
and crystallization gave tamibarotene (XIX) in 92% yield.
