87-66-1

Name	Pyrogallol
CAS	87-66-1
EINECS(EC#)	211-207-2
Molecular Formula	C6H6O3
MDL Number	MFCD00008358
Molecular Weight	126.11
MOL File	87-66-1.mol

Chemical Properties

Appearance	white crystalline solid
Melting point	43-47 °C(lit.)
Boiling point	309 °C
density	1.112 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density	4.4 (vs air)
vapor pressure	10 mm Hg ( 167.7 °C)
refractive index	n20/D 1.387
Fp	>230 °F
storage temp.	Desiccate at RT
solubility	water: soluble
form	Very Fine Crystalline Powder
pka	pK1:9.03(0);pK2:11.63(+1) (25°C)
color	White
PH	4-5 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Stability:	Stable, but decolourises in light. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidising agents, alkalies, metal oxides, ammonia, antipyrine, phenol, iodine, lime water, menthol, potassium permanganate, strong bases.
Water Solubility	400 g/L (25 ºC)
Sensitive	Light Sensitive
Detection Methods	HPLC,NMR
Merck	14,8000
BRN	907431
Contact allergens	Pyrogallol belongs to the phenols group. It is an old photograph developer and a low sensitizer in hair dyes. less more
InChIKey	WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference	87-66-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference	1,2,3-Benzenetriol(87-66-1)
Storage Precautions	Light sensitive;Store under nitrogen;Air sensitive
EPA Substance Registry System	87-66-1(EPA Substance)

Safety Data

Hazard Codes	Xn
Risk Statements	R20/21/22:Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed . R52/53:Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment . R68:Possible risk of irreversible effects. R40:Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect. less more
Safety Statements	S22:Do not breathe dust . S24/25:Avoid contact with skin and eyes . S61:Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions safety data sheet . S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves . less more
RIDADR	UN 2811 6.1/PG 3
WGK Germany	3
RTECS	UX2800000
F	8
TSCA	Yes
HazardClass	6.1
PackingGroup	III
HS Code	29072200
Safety Profile	Human poison by ingestion and subcutaneous routes. An experimental poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Mutation data reported. 1 198 PPRSOO PYROSULFURYL CHLORIDE Readdy absorbed through the skin. Human systemic effects by ingestion: convulsions, dyspnea, gastrointestinal effects. A severe skin and eye irritant. Incompatible with alkalies, NH3, antipyrine, phenol, iron and lead salts, iodine, KMn04. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. Used as a topical antibacterial agent, as an intermediate, hair dye component, and analytical reagent. less more
Hazardous Substances Data	87-66-1(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity	LD50 orally in rabbits: 1.6 g/kg (Dollahite) less more

Raw materials And Preparation Products

Hazard Information

Chemical Properties

white crystalline solid

Uses

Complexing agent; reducing agent; alkaline solution indicator for gaseous oxygen.

Uses

Metal-complexing agent

Definition

ChEBI: A benzenetriol carrying hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 3.

General Description

Odorless white to gray solid. Sinks and mixes with water.

Reactivity Profile

PYROGALLIC ACID(87-66-1) is a strong reducing agent. Reacts with alkalis, NH3, antipyrine, camphor, phenol, iron and lead salts, iodine, lime water, menthol and KMnO4.

Air & Water Reactions

Turns gray on exposure to light or air. Water soluble.

Hazard

Toxic by ingestion and skin absorption.

Health Hazard

Inhalation of dust causes irritation of nose and throat. Ingestion may cause severe gastrointestinal irritation, convulsions, circulatory collapse, and death. Contact with eyes causes irritation. Skin contact can cause local discoloration, irritation, eczema, and death; repeated contact can cause sensitization.

Fire Hazard

This compound is probably combustible.

Description

Pyrogallol is a natural oxidant that can generate superoxide (O₂^-) in alkaline solutions through autoxidation to a semiquinone radical. Importantly, the semiquinone radical can react with O₂^- in an acidic environment to produce a quinone and H₂O₂. Pyrogallol autoxidation is used in superoxide dismutase activity assays. It can also be used in assays to assess antioxidant capacity. Pyrogallol is used in some biological systems as an O₂^- scavenger. In other biological systems, it is used as an O₂^- generator. Pyrogallol effectively scavenges DPPH radical (Item No. 14805) and ABTS⁺ in vitro. Pyrogallol is a product of tannin degradation to gallic acid (Item No. 11846) by ruminant microbes and has hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects in vivo.

Production Methods

Pyrogallol is prepared by heating dried gallic acid at about 200°C with the loss of carbon dioxide or by the chlorination of cyclohexanol to tetrachlorocyclohexanone, followed by hydrolysis.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Pyrogallol also referred to as 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene inhibits the response to nitric oxide (NO) in the rat anococcygeus muscle.

Carcinogenicity

Pyrogallol was not carcinogenic in mouse and rabbit chronic dermal studies. Mice were treated twice weekly with pyrogallol in acetone (50%) on the shaved flank for life. There was no increase in dermal or systemic tumors. A similar study in rabbits also revealed no skin tumors, although positive controls showed an increase in tumors in both mice and rabbits.
Pyrogallol was considered to be cocarcinogenic when administered dermally three times a week together with the skin carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene for 440 days; pyrogallol administered alone caused no increase in skin tumors.

Spectrum Detail

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