Description
Apatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that potently suppresses the kinase activity of vascular endothelial growth factor 2 (VEGFR2; IC50 = 1 nM). It is less effective against c-kit (IC50 = 429 nM), Ret (IC50 = 13 nM), and c-src (IC50 = 53 nM) and does not inhibit EGFR, Her-2, or FGFR1 (IC50s = >10 μM). Apatinib has been shown to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells stimulated by fetal bovine serum and, either alone, or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, prevented the growth of several established human tumor xenograft models.
Description
Apatinib mesylate, discovered by Advenchen Laboratories (United
States of America, USA) and co-developed by Jiangsu Hengrui
Medicine Co. Ltd (China), was approved by the Chinese Food and
Drug Administration (CFDA) in October 2014 for the treatment of
metastatic gastric carcinoma. Apatinib mesylate is an oral tyrosine
kinase inhibitor that selectively inhibits the vascular
endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), which prevents new blood vessel formation selectively in tumor tissue. Apatinib
has shown inhibition of the VEGF signaling pathway with an IC50
value of 1 nM for VEGFR-2 in in vitro enzyme experiments. A
multicenter phase II study of apatinib is underway with patients
in non-triple-negative metastatic breast cancer trials. Non-clinical
studies concluded that apatinib may reverse the ATP-binding
cassette subfamily B member 1 and subfamily G member 2
(ABCB1- and ABCG2, respectively)-mediated multidrug resistance
which allows cancer cells to circumvent certain conventional antineoplastic
drugs, suggesting that apatinib could be effective as a
combination therapy.
