Chemical Properties
Copaiba (balsam) oils are obtained by steam distillation of the exudates (balsam)
from the trunks of several species of Copaifera L. (Caesalpiniaceae), a genus
of trees growing in the Amazon basin where some 10 t of balsam are collected
annually. Suitable species are Copaifera officinalis (Jacq.) L., Copaifera langsdorffii
Desf., Copaifera multijuga Hayne, and so on. They are colorless to light yellow
liquidswith the characteristic odor of the corresponding balsams and an aromatic,
slightly bitter, pungent taste.
d2525 0.880–0.907; n20D 1.4930–1.5000; α20D ?33 ° to ?7 °; solubility: 1 vol in 5–10 vol of 95% ethanol.
The oils consist primarily of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons; their main component
is caryophyllene (>50%).
Copaiba balsam oils and balsams are used mainly as fixatives in soap perfumes.
Description
Copaiba Oil is obtained by steam distillation of the natural resin, the Brazilian quality is preferred because of its higher content of
essential oil. It has a characteristic odor and aromatic, slightly bitter, spicy taste.
Physical properties
The oil is a colorless to slightly yellow liquid. It is soluble in alcohol, most fixed oils, and mineral
oil. It is insoluble in glycerin and practically insoluble in propylene glycol.
Occurrence
Found in the exudation from the trunk of the Copaifera L. (fam. Leguminosae)
Uses
Copaiba Oil is used in varnishes, paints, lacquer; for restoration of oil paintings. As frangrance or odor fixative in soaps, shampoo, lotions, perfumes.
Definition
Extractives and their physically modified derivatives. Copaifira, Leguminosae.
Preparation
By the steam-distillation of copaiba balsam.
Essential oil composition
Main constituents include alpha- and beta-caryophyllene, l-cadinene and other sesquiterpenes.
