Chemical Properties
white fine crystalline powder or needles
Uses
As rat poison, as ant bait and as a reagent in analytical chemistry.
General Description
Odorless white rhomboid prisms or a dense white powder. Density 6.77 g/cm3. Melting point 1170°F (632°C). Extremely toxic by ingestion. Very toxic by skin absorption and ingestion. A slow acting cumulative poison. Used as a rat poison, and an ant bait. Also used for analysis (testing for iodine in the presence of chlorine) and ozonometry. Not registered as a pesticide in the U.S.
Reactivity Profile
THALLIUM SULFATE(7446-18-6) has weak oxidizing and weak reducing powers. Redox reactions can however still occur.
Air & Water Reactions
Soluble in water.
Health Hazard
Rated as extremely toxic. The probable oral lethal dose in humans is 5 to 50 mg/kg, or between 7 drops and 1 teaspoon for a 150-pound person. The mean lethal dose in an adult is probably about 1 gm of thallium sulfate. Chronic exposure causes hair loss starting 10 days after exposure and complete baldness in about a month.
Fire Hazard
When heated to decomposition, THALLIUM SULFATE emits very toxic fumes of thallium and sulfur oxide.
Definition
ChEBI: Thallium sulfate is a metal sulfate in which the counterion is thallium and the ratio of thallium to sulfate is 2:1. It is a rodenticide used to control rats, squirrels, mice, moles, prairie dogs, ants and cockroaches. It is no longer registered for pesticide use in the United States. It has a role as a rodenticide and an insecticide. It is a thallium molecular entity and a metal sulfate. It contains a thallium(1+) and a sulfate.
Production Methods
Commercial sources are flue dusts, either from pyrite (FeS2)
burners or from lead and zinc smelters and refiners, as a byproduct
of cadmium production at the rate of a few thousand
pounds per year. In the flue dusts thallium occurs largely as a
sulfate, which is extracted with hot water or dilute sulfuric
acid. The purification of thallium is accomplished by taking
advantage of the difference in solubility of certain thallium
compounds and the impurities. Traces of zinc, copper,
cadmium, lead, and indium are removed by dissolving
the thallium in and precipitating the impurities with hydrogen
sulfide.
Purification Methods
The sulfate crystallises from hot water (7mL/g) by cooling; then dry it under vacuum over P2O5. It is POISONOUS.
Carcinogenicity
Thallium is not classifiable with
respect to carcinogenicity due to a lack of relevant human and
animal studies. Several subchronic and chronic animal studies
on thallium and compounds are available; however, they
were not designed to examine carcinogenic end points.
