Chemical Properties
Adenine is a prominent member of the family of naturally occurring purines. Adenine occurs not only in ribonucleic acids (RNA), and deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA), but in nucleosides, such as adenosine, and nucleotides, such as adenylic acid, which may be linked with enzymatic functions quite apart from nucleic acids. Adenine, in the form of its ribonucleotide, is produced in mammals and fowls endogenously from smaller molecules and no nutritional essentiality is ascribed to it. In the nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleic acids, the attachment or the sugar moiety is at position 9.
The purines and pyrimidines absorb ultraviolet light readily, with absorption peaks at characteristic frequencies. This has aided in their identification and quantitative determination.
Chemical Properties
White to almost white crystalline powder
Physical properties
Adenine is a white crystalline substance that is an important biological compound found in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It was once commonly referred to as vitamin B4 but is no longer considered a vitamin. Adenine is derived from purine. Purine is a heterocyclic compound.
History
Adenine is one of the two purines found in DNA and RNA. The other is guanine. Adenine and guanine are called bases in reference to DNA and RNA. A nucleic acid base attached to ribose forms a ribonucleoside. Adenine combined with ribose produces the nucleoside adenosine.
Uses
A purine nucleobase and a component of DNA
Uses
Widespread throughout animal and plant tissues combined with niacinamide, d-ribose, and phosphoric acids; a constituent of nucleic acids and coenzymes, such as codehydrase I and II, adenylic acid, coa
laninedehydrase. It is used in microbial determination of niacin; in research on heredity, virus diseases, and cancer.
Application
Widespread throughout animal and plant tissues combined with niacinamide, d-ribose, and phosphoric acids; a constituent of nucleic acids and coenzymes, such as codehydrase I and II, adenylic acid, coa laninedehydrase. It is used in microbial determination of niacin; in research on heredity, virus diseases, and cancer.
Definition
A nitrogenous
base found in DNA and RNA. It
is also a constituent of certain coenzymes
and when combined with the sugar ribose
it forms the nucleoside adenosine found in
AMP, ADP, and ATP. Adenine has a
purine ring structure.
Definition
adenine: A purine derivative. It isone of the major component bases ofnucleotides and the nucleic acidsDNA and RNA.
Definition
ChEBI: The parent compound of the 6-aminopurines, composed of a purine having an amino group at C-6.
General Description
Adenine is a purine nucleobase. It is part of DNA, and RNA. Adenine is also a component of cofactors (NAD, FAD) and signaling molecules (cAMP).
Biochem/physiol Actions
Adenine is essential for many in vivo and in vitro biochemical processes. Adenine is converted to adenosine with ribose. On phosphorylation, it forms AMP, ADP and ATP. ATP is the energy currency of the cell and is required during cellular metabolism. Adenine is metabolized to is 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, which on accumulation in proximal tubules leads to the induction of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with severe anemia in rats. Adenine based derivatives elicit antiviral functionality against dsDNA viruses and are exploited for generating antiviral scaffolds.
Purification Methods
Crystallise adenine from distilled water. [Beilstein 26 III/IV 3561.]
