62-74-8

A fine, white, odorless, powdered solid. Toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. Used as a rodenticide.

Salts, basic, such as SODIUM FLUOROACETATE(62-74-8), are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH's greater than 7.0. They react as bases to neutralize acids. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible.

Water soluble.

Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption. For use by trained operators only, use has been restricted. Cardiac impairment, central nervous system impairment, and nausea.

This material is super toxic. The probable oral lethal dose in humans is less than 5 mg/kg, or a taste (less than 7 drops) for a 150-lb. person.

A potential danger to those involved in the manufacture, formulation, and application of this highly toxic, immediate-action rodenticide.

When heated to decomposition, SODIUM FLUOROACETATE emits highly toxic fumes of sodium oxide and fluorides. Avoid decomposing heat.

If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with soap and water. Speed in removing material from skin is of extreme importance. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and induce vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.

UN2629 Sodium fluorosilicate, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.

Incompatible with alkaline metals and carbon disulfide. Avoid decomposing heat.

Sodium fluoroacetate is the salt of a naturally occurring toxin which is found in Australia, Brazil, and Africa. Naturally occurring fluoroacetate can be found in Gastrolobium minus (family: Fabaceae), a flowering plant in Western Australia and often referred to as the ‘poison pea.’ Descriptions of the fluoroacetate activity may have been described as early at 1904 in Sierra Leone, when colonists used extracts of Chailletia toxicaria to poison rats. The actions of fluoroacetate have also been described in animals having ingested the poison leaf Gifblaar (Dichapetalum cymosum). Sodium fluoroacetate was then developed as a rodenticide and predacide in 1942 in the United States and went under the synonym of 1080, which is its catalog number. In the late 1970s, the use of sodium fluoroacetate was significantly restricted in the United States due to its high acute toxicity and the need for specialized training for application. Additional restrictions were also imposed as to the locations that the agent could be used and under very defined conditions. A ‘toxic collar’ was developed which contains a very small amount of sodium fluoroacetate (0.3 mg per collar). This collar could be placed around the throats of livestock and would contain chemical pouches that would be ruptured when the animal was attacked by a predator thus restricting the poison only to the predator. The toxicity in certain predators (dogs, wolves, coyotes) is up to 20-fold higher than in humans. Amphibians and other reptiles have been shown to be relatively resistant to sodium fluoroacetate and can feed on insects and other animals which have high levels of sodium fluoroacetate present with no ill-effects. In the late 1980s, all use of sodium fluoroacetate as a rodenticide was discontinued. The availability of products containing sodium fluoroacetate is permitted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the regulatory conclusion of the EPA is that these products will not pose unreasonable risks or adverse effects if the products are used following the restriction on the product labeling.

Sodium fluoroacetate is a fluffy, colorless, odorless, hygroscopic solid (sometimes dyed black).

white odourless hygroscopic powder

Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office. This compound is unstable at temperatures above 110°C and decomposes @ 200°C. Thus, careful incineration has been suggested as a disposal procedure. According to their procedure, the produce should be mixed with large amounts of vermiculite, sodium bicarbonate, and sand-soda ash. Slaked lime should also be added to the mixture. Two incineration procedures for this mixture are suggested. The better of these procedures is to burn the mixture in a closed incinerator equipped with an afterburner and an alkali scrubber. The other procedure suggests that the mixture be covered with scrap wood and paper in an open incinerator. (The incinerator should be lighted by means of an excelsior train).

ChEBI: Sodium fluoroacetate is an organic sodium salt. It has a role as a rodenticide. It contains a fluoroacetate.

Insecticide, Rodenticide, Wildlife control: A U.S. EPA restricted Use Pesticide (RUP). Not listed for use in EU countries. It is seldom used as an insecticide. Sodium fluoroacetate is primarily used around sewers, ships and warehouses, and in agriculture and by state agricultural departments as bait for rodents and large predators, to control rats, mice, squirrels, prairie dogs, coyotes, rabbits and otherpests. It is seldom used as an insecticide. It is very toxic to birds, domestic animals and wildlife either by consuming the bait or eating poisoned carcasses. It is sometimes used in 1% solutions which are injected into collars which are strapped to the necks of sheep, goats and other livestock that predators are attracted to. Coyotes that puncture the collars are likely to be fatally poisoned by the sodium fluoroacetate as a result.

AI3-08434®; FLUORAKIL® 3; FRATOL®; FURATOL®; RATBANE 1080®; TENEIGHTY®; TL 869®; YASOKNOCK®

In developmental studies in rats 0.75mg/kg/day administered by gavage on days 6–17 of gestation caused significant reductions in maternal and fetal body weight gains, but no external fetal abnormalities were noted.

Ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposures are all possible, but ingestion is the major route of exposure. Sodium fluoroacetate is rapidly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and by the lungs. There is evidence that leaching and metabolism are the major routes of dissipation. Sodium fluoroacetate which has not undergone degradation is considered mobile by the EPA and has a high risk for movement into the soil and the ground water. Once adsorbed in soil, sodium fluoroacetate can be degraded by halidohydrolase in many microbial and fungal species. The ‘half-life’ of sodium fluoroacetate in soil is dependent on temperature, weather, and initial amount of chemical and decomposition of the host animal. There have been no reports that sodium fluoroacetate can leach into water and reach levels exceeding that which would be deemed toxic.

Sodium fluoroacetate is toxic to all mammals, especially to dogs (LD50 0.1 mg kg^-1) and therefore its use is very restricted. An exception is the aerial application of baits for the control of the brushtail possum in New Zealand and of other wild mammals in Australia. Such use is controversial and has been the impetus for some environmental fate studies (Eason et al., 1993) and secondary toxicity studies.
The role of fluoroacetate in interfering with citrate metabolism is now classical biochemical toxicology (see below).

It is a free-flowing white HIGHLY TOXIC powder which is purified by dissolving it in ca 4 parts of H2O and the pH is checked. If it is alkaline, add a few drops of FCH2CO2H to make the solution just acidic. Evaporate (fumehood) on a steam bath until crystals start to separate, cool and filter the solid off. More solid can be obtained by adding EtOH to the filtrate. Dry it at 100o in vacuum. The p-nitrobenzyl ester crystallises from EtOH with m 76o. POISONOUS. The free acid interferes with the citric acid cycle. [Saunders & Stacey J Chem Soc 1778 1948, Beilstein 2 IV 446.]

Sodium fluoroacetate is a stable hygroscopic crystalline solid which is very soluble in water. In the absence of biodegradation it is stable in water.

Fluoroacetate produces its toxic action (after conversion to fluorocitrate) by inhibiting the Krebs cycle. The compound is incorporated into fluoroacetyl coenzyme A, which condenses with oxaloacetate to form fluorocitrate. This inhibits the enzyme aconitase, which inhibits conversion of citrate to cis-aconitic acid/ isocitrate. This inhibition will lead to a buildup of citric acid resulting in convulsions and death from cardiac failure or respiratory arrest. Mitochondrial uptake of acetate may also be affected. The heart and CNS are the tissues most affected by this inhibition of oxidative energymetabolism.Oxygen consumption is markedly reduced. In addition to blockade of energy production, depletion of calcium may also be involved in the clinical manifestations associated with sodium fluoroacetate toxicity.