Chemical Properties
White or almost white, crystalline powder.
Application
Pyridoxine hydrochloride(58-56-0) has been used:
As a vitamin component in a chemically defined diet with balanced metal content for metal depletion studies;
As a component of chemically defined medium (CDM) to culture Staphylococcus aureus WSPPA;
As analytical reference standards for the determination of analytes in pharmaceutical preparations by chromatography and spectrophotometric techniques;
As a vitamin to study the impact of protein expression and post-translational modifications specifically charge heterogeneity;
As a medicine, it is used to prevent or treat certain neurological disorders (peripheral neuropathy) caused by certain drugs (e.g. isoniazid). It is also used in the treatment of certain hereditary disorders (e.g. flavoururic aciduria, hyperoxaluria, homocystinuria).
Brand name
Hexa-Betalin (Lilly).
General Description
Vitamin B6 has six forms namely, pyridoxal, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate, pyridoxine 5′-phosphate and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate. Pyridoxine is a is a water-soluble vitamin and a pyrimidine derivative of vitamin B6. It is considered heat and acid stable.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Vitamin B6 is an essential coenzyme for amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Pyridoxine serves as a primary source in multivitamins. Pyridoxine deficiency is associated with peripheral neuropathy.
Side effects
Common side effects of Pyridoxine hydrochloride include: headache, nausea, drowsiness, mild numbness or tingling. Serious allergic reactions are rare and include: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, difficulty breathing, decreased sensation of touch, temperature, and vibration; loss of balance or coordination. If serious side effects occur please seek medical attention.
Drug interactions
Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
None known
Metabolism
Pyridoxine is metabolised to its active form pyridoxamine
phosphate. It is stored mainly in the liver where there
is oxidation to 4-pyridoxic acid and other inactive
metabolites which are excreted in the urine.
Purification Methods
Purify the vitamin by recrystallisation from EtOH/Me2CO, n-BuOH or MeOH/Et2O. Its solubility in H2O is 22%, and in EtOH it is 1.1%. It is insoluble in Et2O and CHCl3. Acidic aqueous solutions are stable at 120o/30minute. The free base has m 159-160o after recrystallisation from Me2CO and sublimation at 140-145o/0.0001mm. It has UV max at 290nm ( 84,000), 253 and 325nm ( 3,700 and 7,100) in 0.1N aqueous HCl. [Khua & Wendt Chem Ber 71 780 1938, 72 311 1939, Harris & Folkers J Am Chem Soc 61 1242 1939, Harris et al. J Am Chem Soc 62 3198 1940, Beilstein 21/5 V 492.]
