Identification Chemical Properties Safety Data Raw materials And Preparation Products Hazard Information

57-27-2

Name MORPHINE
CAS 57-27-2
EINECS(EC#) 200-320-2
Molecular Formula C17H19NO3
MDL Number MFCD00153032
Molecular Weight 285.34
MOL File 57-27-2.mol

Chemical Properties

Appearance White, crystalline alkaloid. Slightly soluble in water,alcohol, and ether.
Melting point  255°C
Boiling point  427.77°C (rough estimate)
density  1.0864 (rough estimate)
refractive index  1.5400 (estimate)
Fp  11 °C
storage temp.  −20°C
solubility  Ethanol (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
form  Solid
pka 8.21(at 25℃)
color  White to Pale Yellow
Water Solubility  0.4mg/L(25 ºC)
BCS Class 1,3
Contact allergens
Morphine bitartrate caused contact dermatitis in a worker at a plant producing opium alkaloids. Morphine hydrochloride and morphine bitartrate showed patchtest- positive reactions in another patient with contact dermatitis working in the production of concentrated poppy straw. We observed a concomitant reaction between a morphine base and a codeine base in a patient with drug skin eruption due to codeine.
CAS DataBase Reference 57-27-2
EPA Substance Registry System Morphinan-3,6-diol, 7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methyl- (5.alpha.,6.alpha.)- (57-27-2)

Safety Data

Hazard Codes  F,T
Risk Statements 
Safety Statements 
RIDADR  UN 1230 3/PG 2
WGK Germany  2
Safety Profile
Poison experimentally by ingestion, intracerebral, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and intravenous routes. Human reproductive effects by an unspecified route: effects on newborn, including drug dependence. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported.
Morphine is the constituent of opium most responsible for its toxic effects. When taken orally, the effects of morphine poisoning begin to appear in 20-40 minutes; if taken hypodermically, the symptoms appear much earlier and narcotism is more likely to follow the early symptoms. Abuse leads to habituation or adlction. Inlvidual susceptibility varies greatly and children are more susceptible than adults. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.
Hazardous Substances Data 57-27-2(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity
An alkaloid of the opium poppy that makes up between 9% and 14% of good grades of opium. Morphine is usually used clinically as an analgesic in the form of the sulfate or hydrochloride salt. The most important acute toxic effect of large doses of morphine is depression of the respiratory centers in the medulla and pons. Morphine and related drugs also cause somnolence, coma, cold clammy skin, bradycardia, and hypotension. Initial doses of morphine seem to stimulate the chemoreceptor trigger zone to induce emesis, with subsequent doses blocking the vomiting center, hence blocking emesis. Morphine also has profound effects on the gastrointestinal tract, increasing the tone of the intestinal tract, but decreasing the propulsive or spasmodic reflexes, thus resulting in constipation. Morphine stimulates the nucleus of the third cranial nerve to produce miosis, making pinpoint pupil a diagnostic sign both in morphine overdose and morphine addiction. Morphine causes a variety of effects on the CNS and is highly addictive. Many behavioral changes are seen, ranging from euphoria to sedation. These behavioral effects contribute to the problem of abuse with all of the opiates. Tolerance and dependence occur with repeated dosing, with increasingly larger doses being needed to obtain the original effect. Abrupt withdrawal after chronic use can lead to physiological rebound in these same systems. Therapy for acute overdosage involves physiological support (establishment of adequate respiratory exchange), gastric lavage, and use of narcotic antagonists. Morphine and related compounds act by binding to specific high-affinity receptors concentrated in the nervous system, but also located elsewhere in the body. In the nervous system, the endogenous ligands for these morphine receptors are the opioid peptides that include the enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins. The multiple and complex actions of morphine are due, in part, to the fact that it acts as an agonist at many of these classes of receptors. Paregoric (camphorated tincture of opium) is used as an antidiarrheal. Paregoric is a schedule III drug under the US Controlled Substances Act and may produce physical dependence.

Raw materials And Preparation Products

Hazard Information