Hazard
Toxic by ingestion, evolves hydrogen chloride
fumes on heating.
Chemical Properties
White cryst. powder
Application
Guanidine hydrochloride can be used as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes and other organic synthesis intermediates. It can be used to synthesize 2-aminopyrimidine, 2-amino-6-methylpyrimidine, 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine, and is used for the manufacture of sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethazine and other sulfa drugs. Intermediate. Guanidine hydrochloride (or guanidine nitrate) reacts with ethyl cyanoacetate to form 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine, which is used to synthesize the anti-anemia drug folic acid. It can also be used as an antistatic agent for synthetic fibers. Can also be used for protein denaturants. As a strong denaturant in experiments for extracting total cellular RNA[3]. The guanidine hydrochloride solution can dissolve the protein, leading to the destruction of the cell structure, the destruction of the secondary structure of the nucleoprotein, and the dissociation from the nucleic acid. In addition, the RNase can be inactivated by reducing agents such as guanidine hydrochloride.
Definition
ChEBI: Guanidine Hydrochloride(50-01-1) is an aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines. It is a strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism.
General Description
Guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) is a well-known protein and enzyme denaturant. It is a small molecule and hydroscopic in nature.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) is involved in conformational changes and loss of enzyme activity due to inactivation of the enzyme. It is involved in the loss of activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) enzyme in Haliotis diversicolor. GdnHCl functions by hampering the activity of heat shock protein 104 (Hsp104) adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) in vivo. It can also inactivate enzymes like papain and aminocyclase. Higher concentrations of GdnHCl leads to viral inactivation of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1).
Purification Methods
Crystallise the hydrochloride from hot methanol by chilling to about -10o, with vigorous stirring. The fine crystals are filtered through fritted glass, washed with cold (-10o) methanol, dried at 50o under vacuum for 5hours. (The product is purer than that obtained by crystallisation at room temperature from methanol by adding large amounts of diethyl ether.) [Kolthoff et al. J Am Chem Soc 79 5102 1957, Beilstein 3 H 86, 3 II 71, 3 III 160, 3 IV 150.]
