Description
Acid Violet 43 is an anthraquinone color that functions as a colorant in cosmetic formulations (Wenninger, Canterbery, and McEwen 2000). Batches of Acid Violet 43 that are certified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as meeting the standards and specifications described in the Code of Federal Regulations (21 CFR 73 & 74) are named Ext. D & C Violet No. 2 (FDA 1976). Most of the available safety test data are from studies of Ext. D & C Violet No. 2 conducted to support FDA listing this color for drug and cosmetic use.
Chemical Properties
Soluble in ethanol. It turns blue in concentrated sulfuric acid and turns olive brown after dilution, accompanied by the formation of purple precipitates.
Physical properties
Acid Violet 43 has a bluish violet hue in daylight and is slightly redder in artificial light (tungsten) (Society of Dyers and Colourists 1971a). It is soluble in alcohol (Society of Dyers and Colourists 1971b) and water (Hazleton Laboratories, Inc. 1968). It is blue in concentrated sulfuric acid, olive-brown after dilution, accompanied by a purple precipitate.
Uses
Acid Violet 43 is an anthraquinone colour used in semi-permanent hair dye formulations at a maximum concentration of 0.5% active dye. According to the EU Cosmetics Directive 76/768/EEC, Annex IV Part I List of Colouring Agents, Acid Violet 43 is allowed as CI 60730 in cosmetic products except those intended to come into contact with mucous membranes.
Preparation
Will be 1,4-Dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione or anthracene-1,4,9,10-tetraol?or 1-Bromo-4-hydroxyanthraquinone?(or?1-Chloro-4-hydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione) and reaction p-Methylaniline, then stlfonation, and translated into sodium salt.
Flammability and Explosibility
Nonflammable
Industrial uses
Acid violet 43 is used for the dyeing of wool and its products. It can be used for dyeing and printing of wool, silk, nylon and its fabrics, as well as for leather dyeing.
Safety
In 2001, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (Panel) published a safety assessment with the conclusion that Acid Violet 43 is safe for use in hair dye formulations when free of impurities except for the following: ≤18% volatile matter (at 135°C) and chlorides and sulfates (calculated as sodium salts); ≤0.4% water-insoluble matter; ≤0.2% 1-hydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione; ≤0.2% 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione; ≤0.1% p-toluidine; ≤0.2% p-toluidine sulfonic acids, sodium salts; ≤1% subsidiary colors; ≤20 ppm lead (as Pb); ≤3 ppm arsenic (as As); ≤1 ppm mercury as (Hg); and ≥80% total color.
Amended Safety Assessment of Acid Violet 43 as Used in Cosmetics
Properties and Applications
blue purple. Soluble in alcohol. The strong sulfuric acid in blue, diluted for olive brown, then a purple precipitation.
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Standard
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Light Fastness
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Soaping
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Persperation Fastness
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Oxygen bleaching
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Fastness to seawater
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|
Fading
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Stain
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Fading
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Stain
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Fading
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Stain
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ISO
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5
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1-2
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1-2
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3-4
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1
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5
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2
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1
|
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AATCC
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3
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1
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1
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2
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1
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1
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2
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2
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