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Aristolochic acids are alkaloids used primarily as a chemical intermediate for pharmaceuticals, lab chemicals, herbal extract, drug.

Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

UN1544 Alkaloids, solid, n.o.s. or Alkaloid salts, solid, n.o.s. poisonous, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1- Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required. PG III.

Compounds of the carboxyl group react with all bases, both inorganic and organic (i.e., amines) releasing substantial heat, water and a salt that may be harmful. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.

Aristolochic acid first appeared in Chinese medicine in the fifth century AD, while it was used to treat kidney and urinary diseases, as well as gout, snakebites, and a variety of other ailments. In many of these cases, aristolochic acid was just one of the main components of the salves. In the first century, aristolochic acid was first described as a composition of ingested medicine to treat symptoms such as asthma, hiccups, pains, and spasms.

Shiny brown leaflets or a yellow or white powder.

It is inappropriate and possibly dangerous to the environment to dispose of expired or waste drugs and pharmaceuticals by flushing them down the toilet or discarding them to the trash. Household quantities of expired or waste pharmaceuticals may be mixed with wet cat litter or coffee grounds, double-bagged in plastic, discard in trash. Larger quantities shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.

Appearance: brown sheet crystal or yellow powder. Solubility: practically insoluble in water and soluble in ethanol, chloroform, ethyl ether, acetone, glacial acetic acid, and aniline. Melting point: 260–265?°C (500–509?°F; 533–538?K).

At a clinic in Brussels, Belgium, a group of women who had all taken the same weight loss supplement, Aristolochia fangchi, which contained aristolochic acid, was first diagnosed with aristolochic acid poisoning. Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) was later found to be also the result of aristolochic acid (AA) consumption. Balkan endemic nephropathy is likely caused by low-level AA exposure, possibly from the contamination of wheat flour seeds by Aristolochia clematitis. BEN falls under the umbrella of what is now known as aristolochic acid nephropathy, the prevalent symptom of AA poisoning .

Aristolochic acids occur in Aristolochiaceae and in butterflies feeding on these plants. One of a group of fourteen known, substituted 1-phenanthrenecarboxylic acids

PLA2 inhibitor

ChEBI: A monocarboxylic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is b th carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.

Due to the widely associated kidney problems and urothelial cancers, the FDA has issued warnings regarding consumption of AA-containing supplements.

Acidum aristolchicum;Descresepet;Fago-araxin;Fluocinova;Predno-facilus haemota.

Extracts of aristolochiaceae have traditionally been used as a bitter for which a broad range of therapeutic effects has been claimed. Aristolochic acid is claimed to promote phagocytosis and to have immunostimulant activity. However, in 1981, a three-month toxicity study in rats revealed the carcinogenic potential of aristolochic acid and preparations containing this substance have since been withdrawn in several countries.

Potent phospholipase A2 inhibitor, including calcium ionophore-induced phospholipase A2 activity in neutrophils. Kidney tumor initiator in experimental animal model.

In 1992, some cases of women present with a rapidly progressive renal failure after having a slimming regimen including powdered extracts of Chinese herbal preparations. This outbreak of renal failure eventually resulted in about 100 cases in 1998, 70% of them being in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) . Recent research has confirmed that the main reason leading to renal injury is aristolochic acid found in many Chinese herbs . Aristolochic acid, a potent human carcinogen from Aristolochia plants, is associated with the incidence of urothelial carcinoma in the upper urinary tract (UUC). After the metabolic activation, aristolochic acid reacted with DNA to form aristolactam (AL)-DNA adducts. Mainly pathological changes are in renal cortex, where they serve as a specific biomarker, and are also found in urothelium, where they lead to a unique mutational signature in the TP53 tumorsuppressor gene. The conclusion is that exposure to aristolochic acid gives rise to the incidence of UUC, a finding with significant implications for the global public health .

Aristolochia species are nephrotoxic and carcinogenic, and FDA has issued warnings regarding consumption of AA-containing supplements.