20830-81-3

antineoplastic

Oncology

ChEBI: A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.

Cerubidine (Bedford); Cerubidine (Sanofi Aventis); Cerubidine (Wyeth).

Anthracycline antibiotic. An anticancer agent.

An antibiotic. It is used as a medicine for treating cancer.

If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immedi- ately with soap and water. Seek medical attention immedi- ately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precau- tions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and induce vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.

UN3249 Medicine, solid, toxic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1- Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.

Daunomycin is a thin red, needle-shaped material.Molecular weight = 527.6; Freezing/Meltingpoint = 190℃ (decomposes). Soluble in water.

Daunomycin is a thin red, needle-shaped material.

It is inappropriate and possi- bly dangerous to the environment to dispose of expired or waste drugs and pharmaceuticals by flushing them down the toilet or discarding them to the trash. Household quanti- ties of expired or waste pharmaceuticals may be mixed with wet cat litter or coffee grounds, double-bagged in plastic, discard in trash. Larger quantities shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceuti- cal shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste con- taining this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.

Cerubidine,Specia,France,1968

Daunorubicin (Cerubidine) is used to treat acute leukemias, while its structural analogue, doxorubicin (Adriamycin) is extensively employed against a broad spectrum of cancers. Although the two drugs have similar pharmacological and toxicological properties, doxorubicin is more potent against most animal and human tumors and will be discussed in greater detail.

Two 300 ml Erlenmeyer flasks are prepared, each of them containing 60 ml of the following vegetative medium in tap water: 0.6% peptone, 0.3% dry yeast and 0.05% calcium nitrate. The pH after sterilization by heating in an autoclave to 120°C for 20 minutes is 7.2.
Each flask was inoculated with mycelium of Streptomyces F.I. 1762 whose quantity corresponds to one-fifth of a suspension in sterile water of the mycelium of a 10 day old culture growth in a test tube containing the following ingredients dissolved in tap water.
Percent
Saccharose
2
Dry yeast
0.1
Potassium hydrogen phosphate
0.2
Percent
Sodium nitrate
0.2
Magnesium sulfate
0.2
Agar
2
The flasks are incubated at 28°C for 48 hours on a rotary shaker with a stroke of 60 mm at 220 rpm. 2 ml of a vegetative medium thus grown are used to inoculate 300 ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 60 ml of the following productive medium in tap water at pH 7.0.
Percent
Glucose 4
Dry yeast 1.5
Sodium chloride 0.2
Potassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1
Calcium carbonate 0.1
Calcium carbonate 0.1
Iron sulfate 0.001
Zinc sulfate 0.001
Copper sulfate 0.001
(The medium had been sterilized at 120°C for 20 minutes, the glucose being previously sterilized separately at 110°C for 20 minutes.) It is incubated at 28°C under the conditions described for the vegetative media. After 120 hours of fermentation a maximum activity corresponding to a concentration of 60 micrograms/ml is achieved.

Cancer chemotherapy

daunorubicin is an inhibitor of dna topoisomerase ii [1].daunorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic. it is also used as an effective chemotherapeutic agent against tumors especially acute myeloid leukaemia and acute lymphocytic leukaemia. daunorubicin can affect the metabolism and synthesis of dna and rna. in the in vitro assay, daunorubicin inhibits the incorporation of thymidine and uridine into l1210 cells. it also inhibits the incorporation of labeled precursors into the isolated dna and rna from incubated cells. when treated with leukemic cells isolated from acute lymphocytic leukemia patients, daunorubicin significantly inhibits the biosynthesis of the dna and rna macromolecules [2, 3].

Antineoplastic agent:
Acute leukaemias
HIV-related Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
Antipsychotics: avoid with clozapine due to risk of agranulocytosis.
Cytotoxics: possible increased cardiotoxicity with trastuzumab - avoid for up to 28 weeks after stopping trastuzumab.
Avoid with live vaccines.

Daunorubicin is rapidly taken up by the tissues, especially by the kidneys, liver, spleen and heart. Subsequent release of drug and metabolites is slow (half-life ~55 hours). It is rapidly metabolised in the liver and the major metabolite, daunorubicinol is also active.
It is excreted slowly in the urine, mainly as metabolites with 25% excreted within 5 days. Biliary excretion accounts for 40-50% elimination

Store at -20°C, protect from light

[1] hande k r. etoposide: four decades of development of a topoisomerase ii inhibitor. european journal of cancer, 1998, 34(10): 1514-1521.
[2] momparler r l, karon m, siegel s e, et al. effect of adriamycin on dna, rna, and protein synthesis in cell-free systems and intact cells. cancer research, 1976, 36(8): 2891-2895.
[3] meriwether w d, bachur n r. inhibition of dna and rna metabolism by daunorubicin and adriamycin in l1210 mouse leukemia. cancer research, 1972, 32(6): 1137-1142.