1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-
sn-glycero-3-PC is the ubiquitous lipid species generated following phospholipase A
2 (PLA
2) hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine.
1 It increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreases superoxide dismutase (SOD) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein levels and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) when used at a concentration of 125 μM.
2 1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-
sn-glycero-3-PC potentiates the secretion of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-12, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated M1 macrophages, but has no effect on CD163, CD206, CD36, or IL-10 in LPS-stimulated M2 macrophages when used at concentrations of 0.3 and 1.0 μM.
3 It increases TGF-β1 production and enhances Foxp3 protein levels in T
reg cells in isolated human peripheral blood when used at a concentration of 10 μM.
4 1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-
sn-glycero-3-PC enhances neutrophil function, bacterial clearance, and survival in mouse models of sepsis when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg.
5 
