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Penehyclidine (Penequinine) hydrochloride, a anticholinergic agent, is a selective antagonist of M1 and M3 receptors. Penehyclidine hydrochloride activates NF-kβ in lung tissue and inhibits the release of inflammatory factors. Penehyclidine hydrochloride can alleviate the pulmonary inflammatory response in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) undergoing mechanical ventilation[1].

Penehyclidine hydrochloride is a brain penetrant anticholinergic drug th at exhibits both antimuscarinic and antinicotinic activity. Penehyclidine hydrochloride does not induce muscarinic 2 receptor-associated cardiovascular side effects. Penehyclidine hydrochloride is effective in experimental models of heartlung and brain ischemia reperfusion injury.

mAChR1; mAChR3; NF-κB

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[1] Zhi-Yuan Chen, et al. The Mechanism of Penehyclidine Hydrochloride and Its Effect on the Inflammatory Response of Lung Tissue in Rats with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease During Mechanical Ventilation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2021 Mar 31;16:877-885. DOI:10.2147/COPD.S295329
[2] Wang X, et al., Penehyclidine hydrochloride alleviates lipopolysaccharide?induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in cells via regulating autophagy?related pathway. Mol Med Rep. 2021 Feb;23(2):100. DOI:10.3892/mmr.2020.11739
[3] Zi C, et al., Penehyclidine hydrochloride protects against anoxia/reoxygenation injury in cardiomyocytes through ATP-sensitive potassium channels, and the Akt/GSK-3β and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Cell Biol Int. 2020 Jun;44(6):1353-1362. DOI:10.1002/cbin.11329
[4] Sun X, et al., A Selective M1 and M3 Receptor Antagonist, Penehyclidine Hydrochloride, Exerts Antidepressant-Like Effect in Mice. Neurochem Res. 2019 Dec;44(12):2723-2732. DOI:10.1007/s11064-019-02891-5