Chemical Properties
White Solid
Uses
A non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent found to inhibit COX-2 isoenzymes
Uses
Amidated GRF fragment equipotent to GRF in release of somatotropin from anterior pituitary
Uses
antiinflammatory, analgesia
Uses
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Definition
ChEBI: An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-chloro-2-methylphenyl group. Tolfenamic acid is used specifically for relieving the pain of migraine. It also shows anticancer activity.
General Description
Tolfenamic Acid is an anthranilic acid derivative and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Its applications in treating pancreatic, esophageal, colorectal and lung cancer is being investigated.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Interferes with synthesis of β-amyloid precursor protein, and thus Aβ peptides, by promoting degradation of an essential transcription factor.
Clinical Use
NSAID:
Treatment of migraine
Synthesis
Tolfenamic acid is obtained by
condensation of 2-chlorobenzoic acid with 3-
chloro-2-methyl-phenylamine using CuBr2 in
diethylenglycol dimethyl ether .
Veterinary Drugs and Treatments
Tolfenamic acid may be useful for the treatment of acute or chronic
pain and/or inflammation in dogs and acute pain/inflammation in
cats. In Europe, it is also approved for use in cattle.
Drug interactions
Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
ACE inhibitors and angiotensin-II antagonists:
antagonism of hypotensive effect; increased risk of
nephrotoxicity and hyperkalaemia.
Analgesics: avoid concomitant use of 2 or more
NSAIDs, including aspirin (increased side effects);
avoid with ketorolac (increased risk of side effects
and haemorrhage).
Antibacterials: possibly increased risk of convulsions
with quinolones.
Anticoagulants: effects of coumarins and
phenindione enhanced; possibly increased risk of
bleeding with heparins, dabigatran and edoxaban.
Antidepressants: increased risk of bleeding with
SSRIs and venlafaxine.
Antidiabetic agents: effects of sulphonylureas enhanced.
Antiepileptics: possibly increased phenytoin
concentration.
Antivirals: increased risk of haematological toxicity
with zidovudine; concentration possibly increased by
ritonavir.
Ciclosporin: may potentiate nephrotoxicity.
Cytotoxics: reduced excretion of methotrexate;
increased risk of bleeding with erlotinib.
Diuretics: increased risk of nephrotoxicity;
antagonism of diuretic effect; hyperkalaemia with
potassium-sparing diuretics.
Lithium: excretion decreased.
Pentoxifylline: increased risk of bleeding.
Tacrolimus: increased risk of nephrotoxicity
Metabolism
Tolfenamic acid is metabolised in the liver; the metabolites and unchanged drug are conjugated with glucuronic acid. About 90
% of an ingested dose is excreted in the urine and the remainder in the faeces.
