Chemical Properties
White or almost white powder
Description
Porcine Insulin is a double-chain protein with a molecular mass of 5778, containing 51 amino acids (A-21 and B-30 chains) connected by a disulfide bond. Porcine Insulin has a high degree of similarity to human insulin, differing only in the 30th amino acid. porcine Insulin regulates the uptake, utilisation and storage of glucose, amino acids and fatty acids in cells and inhibits the breakdown of glycogen, proteins and lipids. Therefore, it is used to control hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients.
Biological Functions
Insulin has anabolic properties that include the stimulation of both skeletal muscle and liver cells to incorporate glucose and convert it to glycogen, to synthesize proteins from amino acids in the blood, and to act on fat cells to enhance their uptake of glucose and the synthesis of fat. In short, insulin encourages anabolism rather than catabolism, because it promotes the synthesis of glycogen, proteins, and lipids. A deficiency of insulin, which characterizes the disease diabetes mellitus (DM), causes extreme changes in the entire metabolic pattern of individuals with DM. Patients with DM often demonstrate elevated blood glucose levels, excess glucose in the urine, and failure to properly utilize carbohydrate and lipids.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Two-chain polypeptide hormone produced by the β-cells of pancreatic islets. Its molecular weight is ~5800 Da. The α and β chains are joined by two interchain disulfide bonds. The α chain contains an intrachain disulfide bond. Insulin regulates the cellular uptake, utilization, and storage of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids and inhibits the breakdown of glycogen, protein, and fat.
