118399-22-7

The cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena often contaminates the drinking water of rural communities in developing countries and accumulates in mussels, flounder, and cod from the northern Baltic Sea. Nodularin is a hepatotoxic monocylic pentapeptide produced by the N. spumigena. It is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase types 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A), exhibiting IC₅₀ values of 1.8 and 0.026 nM, respectively. PP2B is inhibited to a lesser extent with an IC₅₀ of 1.8 μM. No apparent inhibitory effect is observed with PP2C, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, insulin receptor tyrosine kinase, protein kinase A, phosphorylase kinase, or protein kinase C.

Nodularin-R is a cyclic peptide toxin produced by freshwater cyanobacteria.

Toxin produced by blue green algae.