110-82-7

A clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor. Used to make nylon, as a solvent, paint remover, and to make other chemicals. Flash point-4°F. Density 6.5 lb/gal (less than water) and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.

Liquid nitrogen dioxide was fed into a nitration column containing hot CYCLOHEXANE(110-82-7), due to an error. An explosion resulted [MCA Case History 128(1962)] Incompatible with strong oxidizers.

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Dizziness, with nausea and vomiting. Concentrated vapor may cause unconsciousness and collapse.

Cyclohexane is used as a chemical intermediate; as a solvent for fats, oils, waxes, resins, cer- tain synthetic rubbers; and as an extractant of essential oils in the perfume industry.

If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, includ- ing resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medi- cal attention. Do not induce vomiting

UN1145 Cyclohexane, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.

May form explosive mixture with air. Contact with oxidizers, nitrogen dioxide, and oxygen can cause fire and explosion hazard. Can explode in heat when mixed with dinitrogen tetraoxide liquid.

Cyclohexane is obtained by the distillation of petroleum or by hydrogenation of benzene. It constitutes 0.5–1.0% of petroleum

Cyclohexane is a colorless liquid with a mild, sweet odor.

Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinera- tor equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.

Colorless liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor. A detection odor threshold concentration of 2,700 mg/m³ (784 ppm_v) was experimentally determined by Dravnieks (1974). An odor threshold concentration of 2.7 ppb_v was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).

Cyclohexane is a petroleum product obtainedby distilling C4- 400°F boiling rangenaphthas, followed by fractionation andsuperfractionation; also formed by catalytichydrogenation of benzene. It is usedextensively as a solvent for lacquers andresins, as a paint and varnish remover, andin the manufacture of adipic acid, benzene,cyclohexanol, and cyclohexanone.

Solvent for lacquers and resins. Paint and varnish remover. In the extraction of essential oils. In analytical chemistry for mol wt determinations (cryoscopic constant 20.3). In the manufacture of adipic acid, benzene, cyclohexyl chloride, nitrocyclohexane, cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. In the manufacture of solid fuel for camp stoves. In fungicidal formulations (possesses slight fungicidal action). In the industrial recrystallization of steroids.

Suitable for HPLC, spectrophotometry, environmental testing

A colorless liquid alkane that is commonly used as a solvent and in the production of hexanedioic acid (adipic acid) for the manufacture of nylon. Cyclohexane, itself, is manufactured by the reformation of longer chain hydrocarbons present in crude-oil fractions. It is also interesting from a structural point of view, existing as a ‘puckered’ six-membered ring, having all bonds between carbon atoms at 109.9° (the tetrahedral angle). The molecule undergoes rapid interconversion between two ‘chair-like’ CONFORMATIONS, which are energetically equivalent, passing through a ‘boat-like’ structure of higher energy. It is commonly represented by a hexagon.

ChEBI: An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon.

cyclohexane: A colourless liquidcycloalkane, C₆H₁₂; r.d. 0.78; m.p.6.5°C; b.p. 81°C. It occurs in petroleumand is made by passing benzeneand hydrogen under pressureover a heated Raney nickel catalyst at150°C, or by the reduction of cyclohexanone.It is used as a solvent andpaint remover and can be oxidizedusing hot concentrated nitric acid tohexanedioic acid (adipic acid). The cyclohexanering is not planar and canadopt boat and chair conformations;in formulae it is representedby a single hexagon.

Cyclohexane is fractionated from crude oil and may be released wherever petroleum products are refined, stored, and used. Another large source of general release is in exhaust gases from motor vehicles. It is prepared synthetically from benzene, by hydrocracking of cyclopentane, or from toluene by simultaneous dealkylation and double bond hydrogenation.

Highlyflammable

Reactivity with Water: No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

No tumor-promoting activity was observed in mice receiving one 60 mL application of 0.3% DMBA in benzene followed by a 60 mL application of cyclohexane twice weekly for 50 weeks.

Schauer et al. (1999) reported cyclohexane in a diesel-powered medium-duty truck exhaust at an emission rate of 210 μg/km.
California Phase II reformulated gasoline contained cyclohexane at a concentration of 8,900 mg/kg. Gas-phase tailpipe emission rates from gasoline-powered automobiles with and without catalytic converters were 1.44 and 238.0 mg/km, respectively (Schauer et al., 2002).

Biological. Microbial degradation products reported include cyclohexanol (Dugan, 1972; Verschueren, 1983), 1-oxa-2-oxocycloheptane, 6-hydroxyheptanoate, 6-oxohexanoate, adipic acid, acetyl-CoA, succinyl-CoA (quoted, Verschueren, 1983), and cyclohexanone (Dugan, 1972; Keck et al., 1989).
Photolytic. The following rate constants were reported for the reaction of cyclohexane and OH radicals in the atmosphere: 5.38 x 10^-12 cm³/molecule?sec at 295 K (Greiner, 1970); 6.7 x 10^-12 cm³/molecule?sec at 300 K (Darnall et al., 1978); 6.69 x 10^-12 cm³/molecule?sec at 298 (DeMore and Bayes, 1999); 7.0 x 10^-12 cm³/molecule?sec (Atkinson et al., 1979); 7.49 x 10^-12 cm³/molecule?sec (Atkinson, 1990). A photooxidation reaction rate constant of 1.35 x 10^-16 cm³/molecule?sec was reported for the reaction of cyclohexane with NO3 in the atmosphere (Atkinson, 1991).
Chemical/Physical. The gas-phase reaction of cyclohexane with OH radicals in the presence of nitric oxide yielded cyclohexanone and cyclohexyl nitrate as the major products (Aschmann et al., 1997).
Cyclohexane will not hydrolyze because it has no hydrolyzable functional group.

Color Code—Red: Flammability Hazard: Store ina flammable liquid storage area or approved cabinet awayfrom ignition sources and corrosive and reactive materials.Prior to working with cyclohexane you should be trained onits proper handling and storage. Before entering confinedspace where cyclohexane may be present, check to makesure that an explosive concentration does not exist.Cyclohexane must be stored to avoid contact with oxidizers(such as perchlorates, peroxides, permanganates, chlorates,and nitrates), since violent reactions occur. Store in tightlyclosed containers in a cool well-ventilated area away fromheat. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Where possible, automatically pump liquid from drums or other storagecontainers to process containers. Drums must be equippedwith self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flamearresters. Use only nonsparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames,are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled, orstored in a manner that could create a potential fire orexplosion hazard. Wherever cyclohexane is used, handled,manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electricalequipment and fittings.

It is best to purify it by washing with conc H2SO4 until the washings are colourless, followed by water, aqueous Na2CO3 or 5% NaOH, and again water until neutral. It is then dried with P2O5, Linde type 4A molecular sieves, CaCl2, or MgSO4 then Na and distilled. Cyclohexane has been refluxed with, and distilled from Na, CaH2, LiAlH4 (which also removes peroxides), sodium/potassium alloy, or P2O5. Traces of *benzene can be removed by passage through a column of silica gel that has been freshly heated: this gives material suitable for ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy. If there is much *benzene in the cyclohexane, most of it can be removed by a preliminary treatment with nitrating acid (a cold mixture of 30mL conc HNO3 and 70mL of conc H2SO4) which converts *benzene into nitrobenzene. The impure cyclohexane and the nitrating acid are placed in an ice bath and stirred vigorously for 15minutes, after which the mixture is allowed to warm to 25o during 1hour. The cyclohexane is decanted, washed several times with 25% NaOH, then water, dried with CaCl2, and distilled from sodium. Carbonyl-containing impurities can be removed as described for chloroform. Other purification procedures include passage through columns of activated alumina and repeated crystallisation by partial freezing. Small quantities may be purified by chromatography on a Dowex 710-Chromosorb W gas-liquid chromatographic column. Flammable liquid. [Sabatier Ind Eng Chem 18 1005 1926, Schefland & Jacobs The Handbook of Organic Solvents (Van Nostrand) p592 1953, Beilstein 5 IV 27.] Rapid purification: Distil, discarding the forerun. Stand distillate over Grade I alumina (5% w/v) or 4A molecular sieves.

If released to air, cyclohexane will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere, and will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals, though direct photolysis is not expected due to the lack of absorption in the environmental spectrum. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate for this compound, and half-lives in a model river and lake are expected to be 3 h and ～3.5 days respectively. Adsorption to suspended solids and sediments is also expected, though hydrolysis in the environment is unlikely due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups.
The potential for bioconcentration and bioaccumulation of cyclohexane in aquatic organisms is moderate. It is highly resistant to biodegradation and is catabolized chiefly by cooxidation.