General Description
Fine white powder.
Air & Water Reactions
This chemical is probably light and air sensitive.
Health Hazard
ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: When heated to decomposition this compound emits toxic fumes of fluoride ion and NOx.
Fire Hazard
Flash point data for this chemical are not available. 5-FLUORO-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE is probably combustible.
Pharmacology
5-Fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine (FdCyd), a fluoropyrimidine nucleoside analog, has a short (10-minute) half-life and is rapidly degraded in vivo by cytidine deaminase. However, coadministration with tetrahydrouridine (THU), an inhibitor of cytidine/deoxycytidine deaminase, has been shown to increase the AUC of the parent compound more than 4-fold. Increased FdCyd exposure allows it to be taken up intracellularly and converted to its triphosphate, which is incorporated into DNA and inhibits the action of the enzyme DNA methyltransferase (DNMT). Inhibition of DNMT, and in turn DNA methylation, can result in the re-expression of tumor suppressor genes.
Primary objective:
-Determine progression-free survival (PFS) and/or the response rate (CR + PR) of FdCyd administered 5 days per week for 2 weeks, in 28-day cycles, by intravenous infusion over 3 hours along with THU in patients with breast cancer, head and neck cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and urothelial transitional cell carcinoma.
Exploratory objectives:
Evaluate whether treatment with FdCyd and THU alters DNA methylation patterns in tumor biopsy samples before and during treatment by LINE-1 analysis.
Evaluate the safety and tolerability of FdCyd (100 mg/m(2)) + THU (350 mg/m(2)) administered 5 days per week for 2 weeks, in 28-day cycles, by intravenous infusion over 3 hours.
Measure changes in the number of CTCs following treatment with FdCyd plus THU.
Clinical Use
A DNA methyltransferase inhibitor currently in clinical trials for breast cancer and other solid tumors. Like 5’-Azacytidine and decitabine, 2’-Deoxy-5-fluorocytidine is a pyrimidine analog that integrates into chromatin to inhibit DNA methylation. It blocks proliferation in colon cancer-derived HCT116 cells by activating DNA response pathways. It inhibits various strains of pathogenic avian influenza viruses in vitro and in vivo.
storage
4°C, protect from light
References
1) Ren?et al. (2011),?DNA hypermethylation as a chemotherapy target; Cell Signal,?23?1082
2) Gowher?et al. (2004),?Mechanism of inhibition of DNA methyltransferases by cytidine analogs in cancer therapy; Cancer Biol. Ther.,?3?1062
3) Zhao?et al. (2002),?Inhibition of cancer cell proliferation by 5-fluoro-2′-deoxycytidine, a DNA methylation inhibitor, through activation of DNA damage response pathway; Springerplus,?1?65
4) Kumaki?et al. (2001),?In vitro and in vivo efficacy of fluorodeoxycytidine analogs against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1, seasonal, and pandemic H1N1 virus infections; Antiviral Res.,?92?329
