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What is Pyridoxine hydrochloride?

Feb 17，2020

Pyridoxine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of Vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 (B6) is a water-soluble vitamin, which can be found in various foods such as fish, poultry, whole grains, legumes, banana, nuts, and sesame. [1]

Vitamin B6 has an important role in the metabolism of amino acids as a coenzyme, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. It has been found that low B6 intake or low plasma PLP have been associated with several cancers, including colorectal, gastrointestinal, stomach, lung, liver, pancreas, breast,and kidney cancers. Especially, there is increasing evidence for the association of risk of colorectal and gastrointestinal cancers with plasma PLP or B6 intake. Studies with rodents and cell cultures have suggested that supplemental B6 may exhibit antitumor effects by reducing cell proliferation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. [2]

Actually, PLP is a selective inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha and epsilon responsible for cell proliferation. The antitumor mechanism may result from the reduction of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels by PLP. S1P, a sphingolipid metabolite, activates nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), two transcriptional regulators that serve as master switches in inflammation and carcinogenesis. The irreversible degradation of S1P is catalyzed by the PLP-dependent S1P lyase, an enzyme that regulates the steady state S1P concentration in tissues and circulation. Zhang et al. reported that supplemental B6 plays a role in increasing gene expression of p21 (suppressor of cell cycle progression) via p53 activation in several cancer cells and the mouse colon (Zhang et al., 2014). [3]

B6 may exert an anticolon tumor effect by the protection of the colon epithelium from damage in rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhidrazine (DMH) and to decreased lithocholic acid, a colon carcinogen. Vitamin B6 may prevent such diseases by lowering inflammation. As possible mechanisms for the antiinflammation effect, vitamin B6 may modulate the kynurenine pathway and sphingosine-1-phosphate, and inhibit NF-κB activation. Recent studies have further suggested vitamin B6 may suppress inflammation by inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome and by elevation of the levels of carnosine and anserine, antiinflammation dipeptides. [4]

References

1.Calderón-Ospina CA, Nava-Mesa MO. B Vitamins in the nervous system: Current knowledge of the biochemical modes of action and synergies of thiamine, pyridoxine, and cobalamin[J]. CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics, 2020, 26(1):5-13.

2.Khorasani F, Aryan H, Sobhi A, Aryan R, Abavi-Sani A, Ghazanfarpour M, Saeidi M, Rajab DF. A systematic review of the efficacy of alternative medicine in the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy[J]. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2020, 40(1):10-19.

3.Wilson MP, Plecko B, Mills PB, Clayton PT. Disorders affecting vitamin B6 metabolism[J]. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, 2019, 42(4):629-646

Shtyrlin P, Strelnik S, Iksanova P. Chemistry of pyridoxine in drug design[J]. Russian Chemical Bulletin, 2019, 68(5):911-945.

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