Existing research reports have shown that folic acid has an extremely important effect on human health. Folic acid deficiency can lead to neonatal neurological malformations, thrombo-occlusive heart and cerebrovascular diseases, anorexia and anorexia nervosa, megaloblastic anemia, senile vascular dementia, depression and other diseases.
(1) Investigation of the influence of folic acid on neonatal neural tube defects
Some scholars' studies on Americans supplementing folic acid from diets and nutritional health products in 2003-2006 indicate that the folic acid intake of women of childbearing age must be improved. In areas with a high incidence of NTDs, the daily amount of folic acid provided to pregnant women is only 100 μg, which is much lower than the daily requirement of pregnant women.
In the investigation of the influence of the amount of folic acid in the diet of breastfeeding women in Canada on the blood folic acid content, it is concluded that the amount of folic acid that breastfeeding women should consume per day is 400μg. Folic acid plays an important role in regulating neurogenesis and programmed cell death.
The fortified supplementation of folic acid in American food has reduced the birth rate of infants with nerve closure defects by 19%, but the effect of other factors on this reduction is not ruled out.
0.4 mg of folic acid is used to prevent fetal neural tube malformations. The Silian Folic Acid Project has verified that 250,000 cases of China-U.S. Neural Tube Malformation Prevention Collaborative Projects across the country show that taking 0.4 mg of folic acid during pregnancy can reduce the rate of fetal neural tube malformations85 %, this result has been widely used in more than 50 countries around the world. 5 mg of folic acid is used to treat female anemia, consumers must carefully read the instructions when choosing to buy, and choose according to different situations
(2) Research on the effect of folic acid on other human diseases
In addition to preventing incomplete nerve closure in infants, folic acid also plays a role in the prevention of some common human diseases.
(3) The influence of folic acid on other diseases
Elevated plasma homocysteine concentration can cause thrombo-occlusive heart and cerebrovascular diseases, anorexia and anorexia nervosa, senile vascular dementia, depression and other diseases. In the cyclic metabolism of homocysteine, folic acid is an important cofactor. After activation, folic acid can be converted into 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, which provides a methyl group for the conversion of homocysteine to methionine. Folic acid deficiency causes a large amount of homocysteine to accumulate and excretes to the outside of the cell, causing the concentration of homocysteine in plasma to increase, leading to diseases. Studies have shown that the consumption of folic acid-fortified foods is essentially related to the increase of serum folic acid levels in middle-aged and elderly people. Folic acid can reduce the risk of gout in people without a history of gout. Folic acid deficiency will cause damage to multiple systems of the body. In the digestive system, colitis and chronic atrophic gastritis will occur, increasing the risk of colon cancer and gastric cancer. Folic acid supplements can suppress the recurrence rate of colorectal cancer.
Studies have shown that a certain concentration of folic acid can inhibit the growth of ovarian cancer cells by affecting the metabolism of folic acid. Folic acid may enhance the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy drugs on ovarian cancer, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of ovarian cancer chemotherapy.
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