ChemicalBook Product Catalog API Nervous system drugs Antiepileptic and anticonvulsant 2-Propylpentanoic acid

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2-Propylpentanoic acid NEW

$0.10 1000KG

$5.00 1KG

Min. Order1KG
Purity99%
Cas No99-66-1
Supply Abilityg-kg-tons, free sample is available
Update time2024-04-16

Henan Fengda Chemical Co., Ltd

1YR

China

Chemical Properties

Product Name	2-Propylpentanoic acid
CAS No	99-66-1
EC-No
Min. Order	1KG
Purity	99%
Supply Ability	g-kg-tons, free sample is available
Release date	2024/04/16

1. Materials information

Name	valproic acid
Synonym	More Synonyms

Description	Valproic acid is an HDAC inhibitor, with IC50 in the range of 0.5 and 2 mM, also inhibits HDAC1 (IC50, 400 μM), and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2; Valproic acid sodium salt is used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder and prevention of migraine headaches.
Related Catalog	Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Autophagy Signaling Pathways >> Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >> HDAC Signaling Pathways >> Epigenetics >> HDAC Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Mitophagy Natural Products >> Acids and Aldehydes Research Areas >> Cancer
Target	HDAC1:400 μM (IC50) HDAC:0.5-2 mM (IC50) HDAC2 Autophagy Mitophagy
In Vitro	Valproic acid inhibits the growth dose- and time-dependently with an IC50 of appr 10 and 4 mM at 24 and 72 h, respectively. Valproic acid significantly attenuates the activities of total, cytosol and nuclear HDACs. Valproic acid increases the form of acetylated histone 3 in HeLa cells. Valproic acid (1-3 mM) induces a G1 phase arrest, while 10 mM Valproic acid significantly induces a G2/M phase arrest of cell cycle in HeLa cells. In addition, Valproic acid increases the percentage of sub-G1 cells in HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner at 24 h[1]. Valproic acid inhibits the mRNA and protein expression of VEGF, VEGFR2 and bFGF. Valproic acid inhibits the protein expression of HDAC1, increases histone H3 acetylation, and enhances the accumulation of hyperacetylated histone H3 on VEGF promoters[2]. Valproic acid treatment results in increased levels of phosphorylated AMPK/ACC in primary mouse hepatocytes. Phosphorylation of ACC following Valproic acid treatment is AMPK-dependent. Valproic acid inhibits the deacetylase activity of both mouse liver nuclear extracts and human recombinant HDAC1 while of the metabolites of Valproic acid, only 2-ene-Valproic acid and 4-ene-Valproic acid diminish deacetylase activity[4].
In Vivo	Valproic acid (500 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibits the tumor growth and angiogenesisin the mice transplanted with Kasumi-1 cells. The IR rate in the Valproic acid group is 57.25% at the end of the experiment[2]. Valproic acid (350 mg/kg, i.p.) demonstrates more social investigation and play fighting than control animals[3].
Kinase Assay	The activity of caspase-3, -8 and -9 is assessed using the caspase-3, -8 and -9 colorimetric assay kits, respectively. In brief, 1×106 cells in a 60-mm culture dish are incubated with 10 mM Valproic acid for 24 h. The cells are then washed in PBS and suspended in 5 volumes of lysis buffer provided with the kit. Protein concentrations are determined using the Bradford method. Supernatants containing 50 μg total protein are used to determine caspase-3, -8 and -9 activities. The supernatants are added to each well in 96-well microtiter plates with DEVD-pNA, IETD-pNA or LEHD-pNA as caspase-3, -8 and -9 substrates and the plates are incubated at 37°C for 1 h. The optical density of each well is measured at 405 nm using a microplate reader. The activity of caspase-3, -8 and -9 is expressed in arbitrary absorbance units.
Cell Assay	In brief, 5×105 cells are seeded in 96-well microtiter plates for MTT assays. After exposure to the designated doses of Valproic acid for the indicated times, MTT solution [20 mL: 2 mg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)] is added to each well of the 96-well plates. The plates are additionally incubated for 3 h at 37°C. Medium is withdrawn from the plates by pipetting and 200 mL DMSO is added to each well to solubilize the formazan crystals. The optical density is measured at 570 nm using a microplate reader.
Animal Admin	Splenectomies are performed on the BALB/c nude mice. One week after the splenectomies, the mice receiv whole body irradiation with 137Cs at a dose of 4 Gy. At 48-72 h post-irradiation, the mice are subcutaneously implanted with Kasumi-1 cells (2×107 cells/mouse with 0.15-0.2 mL) in the right axillary region. The mice are randomLy assigned to two groups, the Valproic acid (n=6) and control (n=6) groups. When the tumors are appr 200 mm3 in size at appr 10 days post-implantation, 0.2 mL Valproic acid (500 mg/kg body weight) or 0.2 mL saline is injected intraperitoneally every day. Valproic acid is dissolved in saline at a concentration of 25 mg/mL. The longest diameter (a) and the shortest diameter (b) of the tumor are measured every three days, and the tumor volume (TV) is calculated according to the following formula: TV=1/2×a×b2. Following two weeks of injections, the mice are sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the tumor masses are removed for the following experiments.
References	[1]. Han BR, et al. Valproic acid inhibits the growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells via caspase-dependent apoptosis. Oncol Rep. 2013 Dec;30(6):2999-3005. [2]. Zhang ZH, et al. Valproic acid inhibits tumor angiogenesis in mice transplanted with Kasumi 1 leukemia cells. Mol Med Rep. 2013 Nov 28. [3]. Cohen OS, et al. Acute prenatal exposure to a moderate dose of valproic acid increases social behavior and alters gene expression in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2013 Dec;31(8):740-50. [4]. Avery LB, et al. Valproic Acid Is a Novel Activator of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Decreases Liver Mass, Hepatic Fat Accumulation, and Serum Glucose in Obese Mice. Mol Pharmacol. 2014 Jan;85(1):1-10. [5]. Valproic acid, et al. Histone deacetylase is a direct target of valproic acid, a potent anticonvulsant, mood stabilizer, and teratogen. J Biol Chem. 2001 Sep 28;276(39):36734-41.

Density	0.9±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	220.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	120 - 130ºC
Molecular Formula	C8H16O2
Molecular Weight	144.211
Flash Point	111.1±0.0 °C
Exact Mass	144.115036
PSA	37.30000
LogP	2.72
Vapour Pressure	0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.435
Water Solubility	slightly soluble

Valproic acid MSDS(Chinese)

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
YV7875000

CHEMICAL NAME :
Valeric acid, 2-propyl-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
99-66-1

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
1750447

LAST UPDATED :
199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :
43

MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C8-H16-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
144.24

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
QVY3&3

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - child

DOSE/DURATION :
375 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis

REFERENCE :
CCMDC7 Critical Care Medicine. (Williams & Wilkins, 428 E. Preston Street, Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,299,1993

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - child

DOSE/DURATION :
412 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - coma Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :
JATOD3 Journal of Analytical Toxicology. (Preston Pub. Inc., POB 48312, Niles, IL 60648) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,55,1996

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - child

DOSE/DURATION :
10500 mg/kg/30W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of endocrine pancreas Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

REFERENCE :
AJDCAI American Journal of Diseases of Children. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.1-80(3), 1911-50; V.100- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 138,912,1984

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :
21 mg/kg/2D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - other changes

REFERENCE :
NEURAI Neurology. (Modern Medicine Pub., Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 37,886,1987

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - child

DOSE/DURATION :
1800 mg/kg/60D

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of endocrine pancreas Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

REFERENCE :
LANCAO Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,1196,1980

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human

DOSE/DURATION :
13333 ug/kg/D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - sleep

REFERENCE :
NEJMAG New England Journal of Medicine. (Massachusetts Medical Soc., 10 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115) V.198- 1928- Volume(issue)/page/year: 301,435,1979

TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :
670 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea

REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,327,1964

TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :
1098 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :
EPXXDW European Patent Application. (U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Foreign Patents, Washington, DC 20231) Volume(issue)/page/year: #78785

TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :
470 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :
CHTPBA Chimica Therapeutica. (Paris, France) V.1-8, 1965-73. For publisher information, see EJMCA5. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,430,1968

TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :
860 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :
85GNAW "Pharmacodynamie de l'Acide Dipropylacetique (ou Propyl-2-Pentanoique) et de ses Amides," Carraz, G., Imprimerie Eymond, 1968 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,38,1968

TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :
1200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :
85GNAW "Pharmacodynamie de l'Acide Dipropylacetique (ou Propyl-2-Pentanoique) et de ses Amides," Carraz, G., Imprimerie Eymond, 1968 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,39,1968

TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :
824 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :
85GNAW "Pharmacodynamie de l'Acide Dipropylacetique (ou Propyl-2-Pentanoique) et de ses Amides," Carraz, G., Imprimerie Eymond, 1968 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,39,1968 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral

DOSE :
5480 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 1-39 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system

REFERENCE :
AEPEDI Anales Espanoles de Pediatria. (Asociacion Espanola de Pediatria, Apartado 1176, 28028 Madrid, Spain) V.1- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,19,1993

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral

DOSE :
720 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 1-90 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System

REFERENCE :
CPEDAM Clinical Pediatrics (Philadelphia). (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1962- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,336,1983

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral

DOSE :
6525 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 26 week(s) pre-mating female 1-36 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - physical

REFERENCE :
CPEDAM Clinical Pediatrics (Philadelphia). (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1962- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,352,1984

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported

DOSE :
126 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 1-18 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

REFERENCE :
FDTHES Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy (Basel). (S. Karger, Postfach. CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.5- 1990- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,155,1994

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported

DOSE :
2394 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 1-36 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - Apgar score (human only)

REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 219,768,1981

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported

DOSE :
2047 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 27-40 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - physical

REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 219,768,1981

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported

DOSE :
5320 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 2-39 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

REFERENCE :
JOPDAB Journal of Pediatrics. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) V.1- 1932- Volume(issue)/page/year: 97,332,1980

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported

DOSE :
5320 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 2-39 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - skin and skin appendages Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system

REFERENCE :
JOPDAB Journal of Pediatrics. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) V.1- 1932- Volume(issue)/page/year: 97,332,1980

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported

DOSE :
5320 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 2-39 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)

REFERENCE :
JOPDAB Journal of Pediatrics. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) V.1- 1932- Volume(issue)/page/year: 97,332,1980

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral

DOSE :
600 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 13 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 45,603,1992

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral

DOSE :
34 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :
male 60 day(s) pre-mating female 2 week(s) pre-mating - 1 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

REFERENCE :
PBPSDY Pharmacological and Biochemical Properties of Drug Substances. (American Pharmaceutical Assoc., 2215 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20037) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,58,1979

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral

DOSE :
2400 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 7-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System

REFERENCE :
NETEEC Neurotoxicology and Teratology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.9- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,471,1991

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral

DOSE :
6 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 8-17 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system

REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 35,28A,1987

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous

DOSE :
660 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 10 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - cytological changes (including somatic cell genetic material) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities

REFERENCE :
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 64,545,1990

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral

DOSE :
1500 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

REFERENCE :
PBPSDY Pharmacological and Biochemical Properties of Drug Substances. (American Pharmaceutical Assoc., 2215 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20037) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,58,1979

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal

DOSE :
432 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 11-13 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

REFERENCE :
TCMUD8 Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,367,1981

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal

DOSE :
432 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 8-10 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

REFERENCE :
TCMUD8 Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,367,1981

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal

DOSE :
519 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 8-10 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System

REFERENCE :
TCMUD8 Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,367,1981

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal

DOSE :
600 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

REFERENCE :
AJMGDA American Journal of Medical Genetics. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 605 Third Ave., New York, NY 10158) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 70,303,1997

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous

DOSE :
2400 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 7-14 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System

REFERENCE :
LANCAO Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,763,1983

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported

DOSE :
600 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 8 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities

REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 35,29A,1987

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral

DOSE :
18 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 21-50 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 33,45A,1986

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral

DOSE :
4550 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 6-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

REFERENCE :
PBPSDY Pharmacological and Biochemical Properties of Drug Substances. (American Pharmaceutical Assoc., 2215 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20037) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,58,1979

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral

DOSE :
4550 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 6-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - body wall Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system

REFERENCE :
PBPSDY Pharmacological and Biochemical Properties of Drug Substances. (American Pharmaceutical Assoc., 2215 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20037) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,58,1979

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral

DOSE :
1950 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 6-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

REFERENCE :
PBPSDY Pharmacological and Biochemical Properties of Drug Substances. (American Pharmaceutical Assoc., 2215 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20037) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,58,1979

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported

DOSE :
945 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 6-8 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system

REFERENCE :
36DLAV "Clinical and Pharmacological Aspects of Sodium Valproate (Epilim) in the Treatment of Epilepsy, Proceedings of a Symposium, Nottingham, UK, 1975," Legg, N.J., et al., eds., Kent, UK, MCS Consultants, 1976 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,105,1976

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal

DOSE :
300 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :
female 7 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System

REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 29(2),47A,1984 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW JOPDAB Journal of Pediatrics. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) V.1- 1932- Volume(issue)/page/year: 97,333,1980 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW PBPSDY Pharmacological and Biochemical Properties of Drug Substances. (American Pharmaceutical Assoc., 2215 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20037) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,58,1979 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW APJUA8 Acta Pharmaceutica Jugoslavica. (FDH, Masarykova 2, 41000 Zagreb, Yugoslavia) V.1-41, 1951-1991. Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,79,1991 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X3895 No. of Facilities: 245 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 6 No. of Employees: 5848 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 3255 (estimated)

Symbol	GHS07, GHS08
Signal Word	Danger
Hazard Statements	H302-H315-H319-H335-H360
Precautionary Statements	P201-P280-P301 + P312 + P330-P305 + P351 + P338-P308 + P313
Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter
Hazard Codes	Xn:Harmful
Risk Phrases	R22;R36/37/38
Safety Phrases	S26-S45-S36/37-S16
RIDADR	UN 1230 3/PG 2
WGK Germany	3
RTECS	YV7875000
Packaging Group	III
Hazard Class	8
HS Code	2915600000

2,2-Dipropylmal...

1636-27-7

~99%

Valproic acid

99-66-1

Literature: CALYX CHEMICALS AND PHARMACEUTICALS LTD. Patent: WO2008/62471 A2, 2008 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 10 ;

2,2-dipropyl-ac...

76002-02-3

Ethyl acetoacet...

141-97-9

1-Bromopropane

106-94-5

Valproic acid

99-66-1

Literature: US5856569 A1, ;

ethyl 2-propylp...

17022-31-0

Valproic acid

99-66-1

Literature: Journal of the American Chemical Society, , vol. 87, # 6 p. 1297 - 1307

Precursor 10	Previous 1/3 Next
CAS#:1636-27-7 2,2-Dipropylmal... CAS#:13310-75-3 2-propylvaleron... CAS#:76002-02-3 2,2-dipropyl-ac... CAS#:141-97-9 Ethyl acetoacetate
DownStream 10	Previous 1/3 Next
CAS#:22632-59-3 methyl 2-propyl... CAS#:2751-06-6 N-tert-butyl-2-... CAS#:2936-13-2 N-butyl-2-propy... CAS#:2653-58-9 1-morpholin-4-y...

HS Code	2915900090
Summary	2915900090 other saturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives VAT:17.0% Tax rebate rate:9.0% Supervision conditions:AB(certificate of inspection for goods inward,certificate of inspection for goods outward) MFN tariff:5.5% General tariff:30.0%

Synergism of arsenic trioxide and MG132 in Raji cells attained by targeting BNIP3, autophagy, and mitochondria with low doses of valproic acid and vincristine.

Eur. J. Cancer 50(18) , 3243-61, (2014)

We previously demonstrated that arsenic trioxide (ATO) and proteasome inhibitor MG132 synergistically induced cell death in promonocytic leukaemia cell line U937 but were antagonistic in Burkitt's lym...

Combined histone deacetylase inhibition and tamoxifen induces apoptosis in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer models, by reversing Bcl-2 overexpression.

Breast Cancer Res. 17 , 26, (2015)

The emergence of hormone therapy resistance, despite continued expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), is a major challenge to curing breast cancer. Recent clinical studies suggest that epigenetic m...

HD iPSC-derived neural progenitors accumulate in culture and are susceptible to BDNF withdrawal due to glutamate toxicity.

Hum. Mol. Genet. 24 , 3257-71, (2015)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, caused by expansion of polyglutamine repeats in the Huntingtin gene, with longer expansions leading to earlier ages of onset. The HD iPS...

Pentanoic acid, 2-propyl-

Mylproin

Ergenyl

MFCD00879852

2-Propylpentanoic acid

2-Propylvaleric Acid

Depakine

di-n-propyl-acetic acid

Valproic acid

Depakene

2-n-Propylpentanoic acid

Valproate

[3H]-Valproic acid

Convulex

Valeric acid, 2-propyl-

Valproic-250

2,2-BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PROPIONIC ACID

Dipropylacetic acid

[14C]-Valproic acid

2-propyl-pentanoic acid

EINECS 202-777-3

sodium valproate

2. Packaging of materials

For powders: normal is 25kgs/Drum or bag, or larger/smaller package as request.
For liquids: normal 25kgs/drum, 180-300kgs/bucket, or IBC, determined by the nature of the product.

Or smaller package 1kg/bottle, 10kgs/bottle as request.