硫酸アンモニウム

外観

無色の結晶又は白色の塊

定義

本品は、硫酸(*)のアンモニウム塩であり、次の化学式で表される。硫酸ジアンモニウム，速効性であるが，窒素分が吸収されたあとに硫酸イオンが遊離硫酸や硫酸カルシウムとして残り土壌は酸性化するため，現在では尿素のほうが使用量が多い。硫安は原料のアンモニア供給源のちがいにより合成硫安，回収硫安，副生硫安に分けられる。合成硫安は合成アンモニアと硫酸との中和で得られるもので，最も一般的。セッコウや亜硫酸ガスを利用して合成されるものもある。回収硫安はナイロン原料のカプロラクタム製造の際の廃液などから回収されるもの。副生硫安は製鉄所などでの石炭乾留に際して副生するアンモニアを硫酸に吸収させて得られるもので，生産量は少ない。参照表示名称：硫酸

溶解性

水に易溶 (70.6g/100g水, 0℃ ; 103.3g/100g, 100℃)。エタノール, アセトンに不溶。無色, ほとんど澄明 (1.0g, 水20mL)水に溶けやすく、エタノールにほとんど溶けない。

解説

化学式は（NH4）2SO4(NH4)2SO4(132.14)．硫安ともいう．アンモニア水に硫酸を加えて中和し，濃縮すれば結晶が析出する．無色透明の斜方晶系結晶．密度1.77 g cm－3．融点513 ℃(封管中)．大気中では120 ℃ で分解をはじめ，280 ℃ で融解してアンモニアを発生し，硫酸水素アンモニウムと硝酸アンモニウムの混合物を生じる．水に易溶．水溶液は常温では中性で，沸点ではアンモニアを失って酸性となる．硫安とも。無色の結晶で，水に易溶。空気中で熱すると120℃で分解を始め357℃でアンモニアを放って融解する。硫酸アンモニウムは，代表的な窒素肥料の一つ。→硫安工業→関連項目酸性肥料｜石灰窒素｜堆肥｜窒素肥料

株式会社平凡社 百科事典マイペディアについて　情報

用途

食品添加物。

用途

DNA調製時の溶解バッファー等。

用途

原子吸光分析用塩析剤。

用途

酵素精製、一般生化学研究用。

製造法

硫酸ジアンモニウムは，硫酸のアンモニウム塩。硫安ともいう。窒素肥料としてもっとも重要なものの一つ。工業的には、硫酸にアンモニアを吸収させるなどの方法によって大規模に製造される。実験室的には、アンモニア水に硫酸を加えて中和し、濃縮すれば無色透明の結晶として得られる。空気中で加熱すると120℃から分解し始め、357℃でアンモニアを放って融解し、硫酸水素アンモニウムとの混合物に変わる。

2(NH4)2SO4→NH3+NH4HSO4

［鳥居泰男］

化粧品の成分用途

親水性増粘剤

効能

製剤補助

説明

Ammonium sulfate was the first nitrogenous fertilizer made by the Haber-Bosch process, produced by the reaction of ammonia with sulfuric acid. In contrast with the nitrate salt, it is chemically stable, not highly hygroscopic. It also supplies supplemental sulfur to soils that may be deficient in this element, but this is of minor value when it is used on soils receiving applications of ordinary superphosphate.
The disadvantages of the material are its relatively low nitrogen content, which increases storage and transportation costs, and its marked tendency to cause soil acidification, which is greater than that of any other nitrogen fertilizer material.

物理的特性

【Ⅱ】硫酸ヒドラジニウム(1＋)：[N2H5]2SO4(162.17)．体系名は硫酸ジアザニウム(diazanium sulfate)．(N2H6)SO4またはN2H4･H2Oに硫酸を作用させると得られる．無色の単斜晶系結晶．[H2N-NH3]＋ を含む．N-N1.43 Å．融点85 ℃．水に易溶．

化学的特性

White crystalline powder

物理的性質

White crystalline solid; orthorhombic crystal; density 1.769 g/cm³ at 20°C; melts between 511 to 515°C (in a closed system): however, in an open system, it melts with decomposition at 280°C; readily dissolves in water (solubility, 70.6 g and 104 g per 100 g water at 0°C and 100°C, respectively); insoluble in acetone, alcohol and ether.

天然物の起源

Ammonium sulfate occurs in trace concentrations in the upper atmosphere. It is widely used as a fertilizer for rice and other crops. It is a source of sulfur for the soil. It is also used as an additive to supply nutrient nitrogen in fermentation processes (e.g., yeast production from molasses). It also is used for fireproofing timber and plastics, and in treatment of hides, and leather production.

使用

Ammonium Sulfate is a dough conditioner, firming agent, and pro- cessing aid which is readily soluble in water with a solubility of approximately 70 g in 100 g of water at 0°c. the ph of a 0.1 molar solution in water is approximately 5.5. it is used in caramel produc- tion and as a source of nitrogen for yeast fermentation. in bakery products, up to 0.25 part per 100 parts by weight of flour is used.

定義

ammonium sulphate: A whiterhombic solid, (NH₄)₂SO₄; r.d. 1.77;decomposes at 235°C. It is very solublein water and insoluble in ethanol.It occurs naturally as the mineralmascagnite. Ammonium sulphatewas formerly manufactured from the‘ammoniacal liquors’ produced duringcoal-gas manufacture but is nowproduced by the direct reaction betweenammonia gas and sulphuricacid. It is decomposed by heating torelease ammonia (and ammoniumhydrogensulphate) and eventuallywater, sulphur dioxide, and ammonia.Vast quantities of ammoniumsulphate are used as fertilizers.

調製方法

Ammonium sulfate is a high-tonnage industrial chemical, but frequently may be considered a byproduct as well as intended end-product of manufacture. A significant commercial source of (NH4)2SO4 is its creation as a byproduct in the manufacture of caprolactam, which yields several tons of the compound per ton of caprolactam made. Ammonium sulfate also is a byproduct of coke oven operations where the excess NH3 formed is neutralized with H2SO4 to form (NH4)2SO4. In the Meresburg reaction, natural or byproduct gypsum is reacted with ammonium carbonate: CaSO4·2H2O + (NH4)2CO3 CaCO3 + (NH4)2SO4 +2 H2O The product is stable, free-flowing crystals. As a fertilizer, (NH4)2SO4 has the advantage of adding sulfur to the soil as well as nitrogen. By weight, the compound contains 21% N and 24% S. Ammonium sulfate also is used in electric dry cell batteries, as a soldering liquid, as a fire retardant for fabrics and other products, and as a source of certain ammonium chemicals.

一般的な説明

White odorless solid. Sinks and dissolves in water.

空気と水の反応

Dissolves in water with evolution of some heat.

反応プロフィール

Ammonium sulfate is acidic in aqueous solution. When a little Ammonium sulfate is added to fused potassium nitrite, a vigorous reaction occurs attended by flame [Mellor 2:702 1946-47].

安全性プロファイル

Moderately toxic by several routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: hypermotility, diarrhea, nausea or vomiting. See also SULFATES. Incandescent reaction on heating with potassium chlorate. Reaction with sodmm hypochlorite gves the unstable explosive nitrogen trichloride. Incompatible with (K + NH4NO3), KNO2, (NaK + NH4NO3). When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx, NH3, and SOx.

純化方法

Crystallise it twice from hot water containing 0.2% EDTA to remove metal ions, then finally from distilled water. Dry it in a desiccator for 2 weeks over Mg(ClO4)2. After 3 recrystallisations, ACS grade had Ti, K, Fe, Na at 11, 4.4, 4.4, 3.2 ppm respectively.