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外観
無色澄明の液体、ハーゼン10以下
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定義
本品は、石油を159~204℃で蒸留して得られる炭化水素である。
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溶解性
水に不溶。アルコール, アセトンに可溶。エタノール及びジエチルエーテルに極めて溶けやすく、水にほとんど溶けにくい。
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解説
沸点約150 ℃ 以下の工業ガソリンの一種．低沸点炭化水素の混合物よりなる．軽質留分の多い原油を蒸留して得られたナフサを高度に精製し，不純物質を除いた無色透明の石油製品で，しみ抜き，機械の洗浄，その他各種の溶剤として使用される．ベンジンのうち，とくに沸点の低い製品(沸点約30～70 ℃)は石油エーテルとよばれる．
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
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用途
食品及び水中等の極微量の農薬及びPCBの定量における溶媒。
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用途
食品及び水中等の農薬及びPCB定量における溶媒。
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用途
生体試料中等のダイオキシン類の分析における溶媒。
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化粧品の成分用途
溶剤
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化学的特性
Petroleum ether is a flammable liquid used as a universal solvent and extractant during
the processing of different chemicals, like fats, waxes, paints, varnishes, furniture polish
thinning, as detergent, and as fuel. The major components include paraffi ns, olefi ns, naphthenes,
aromatics, and about 10%–40% ethyl alcohol.
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使用
Petroleum ether 35/60 is used as a mobile phase in High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry.
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定義
Any of a number of narrowboiling-range fractions of petroleum with bp of
approximately 93–204C, according to the specific
use.
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一般的な説明
Colorless liquid with the odor of gasoline. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Also refered to as Varnish Makers & Painters Naphtha. This petroleum fraction is similar to Petroleum Ether (CAS 8030-30-6) but V.M. & P. is a heavier distillate. Flash point ranges from 20° F to 100° F.
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空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
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反応プロフィール
PETROLEUM NAPHTHA, [FLAMMABLE LIQUID LABEL] may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring may occur followed by ignition of unreacted material and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, mostly unreactive. Not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. When heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, burns exothermically to produce mostly carbon dioxide and water.
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危険性
Flammable, dangerous fire risk.
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健康ハザード
After acute and prolonged exposures to petroleum ether in work places, occupational
workers suffer and demonstrate a variety of health disorder. The symptoms of toxicity
include, but are not limited to, erythema, edema, skin peeling, loss of appetite, muscle
weakness, paresthesia, CNS depression, peripheral nerve disorders, skin and respiratory irritation, and chemical pneumonia in children. Occupational workers exposed to rubber
solvent, varnish, thinner, and petroleum spirits develop skin irritation, respiratory problems,
and hematologic effects.
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火災危険
Flammable liquid; flash point (closed cup)
14°C (57°F); vapors form explosive mixtures
with air within the range 1.2–6.0% by volume in air.
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安全性プロファイル
Confirmed carcinogen. A poison by intravenous route. Mildly toxic by inhalation. Ingestion can cause a burning sensation, vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, and, in severe cases, pulmonary edema. Inhalation of concentrated vapors can cause intoxication resembling that from alcohol, headache, nausea, coma, and hemorrhage to various vital organs. An eye irritant. A flammable liquid and highly dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, sparks, or oxidizing materials. Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame. Highly dangerous; keep away from heat or flame. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes
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純化方法
Shake it several times with conc H2SO4, then 10% H2SO4 and concentrated KMnO4 (to remove unsaturated, including aromatic, hydrocarbons) until the permanganate colour persists. Wash it with water, aqueous Na2CO3 and again with water. Dry it with CaCl2 or Na2SO4, and distil it. It can be dried further using CaH2 or sodium wire. Passage through a column of activated alumina, or treatment with CaH2 or sodium, removes peroxides. For the elimination of carbonyl-containing impurities without using permanganate, see n-heptane. These procedures could be used for all fractions of pet ethers. See skellysolve below, p. 178. Rapid purification: Pass it through an alumina column and fractionally distilling, collecting the desired boiling fraction.
