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効能
抗アレルギー薬, 喘息治療薬, ケミカルメディエーター遊離抑制薬
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説明
Cromolyn is a synthetic analog of the plant extract khellin that
was first developed in the late 1960s and introduced into
clinical practice the following decade. It is continued to be used
widely in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, asthma, mastocytosis,
and conjunctivitis. It has an outstanding safety profile
and can be readily obtained without prescription in many
countries.
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使用
Anti Asthamatic
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定義
ChEBI: A dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer.
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一般的な説明
Solid.
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空気と水の反応
Water soluble.
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反応プロフィール
Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them. They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic. Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat. Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt. Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt. Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry. Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in Cromoglicic acid to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers. Carboxylic acids, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat.
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火災危険
Flash point data for Cromoglicic acid are not available. Cromoglicic acid is probably combustible.
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作用機序
Cromolyn stabilizes the membranes of mast cells, stopping the release of allergy mediators
and suppressing activation of eosinophiles, neutrophilis, thrombocytes, and
macrophages, which take part in the formation of bronchospasms.
Cromylyn differs from the majority of medications taken for obstructive diseases of the
respiratory tract in that it is used only as a preventative agent.
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臨床応用
Cromolyn generally is used prophylactically for bronchial asthma (as an inhaled powder), for
prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm, and for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis
(nasal solution). Topically, it also is used as eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis and keratitis.
In
the management of asthmatic conditions, it is administered using a power-operated nebulizer.
The bioavailability is very low with oral administration because of poor absorption. By
inhalation, the powder is irritating to some patients. After inhalation, much less than 10% of
the dose reaches the systemic circulation. An oral dosage form is used for mastocytosis.
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環境運命予測
The major prophylactic effect of cromolyn is centered on
inhibition of the degranulation of pulmonary mast cells
causing a reduction in histamine release, reduced leukotriene
production, and inhibition of release of inflammatory mediators
from several cell types.
