塩酸チアミン水和物

外観

白色, 結晶性粉末～粉末

定義

本品は、複素環式化合物の塩酸塩であり、次の化学式で表される。

溶解性

水に易溶。エタノールに微溶。エーテルに不溶。水に溶けやすく、メタノールにやや溶けにくく、エタノールに溶けにくく、ジエチルエーテルにほとんど溶けない。

用途

ビタミン B1 化合物です。糖 質代謝に作用します。

化粧品の成分用途

皮膚コンディショニング剤、香料

効能

ビタミンB1補充薬

商品名

グラビタン (東和薬品); チアミン塩化物塩酸塩 (ニプロ); チアミン塩化物塩酸塩 (マイラン製薬); チアミン塩化物塩酸塩 (日医工); チアミン塩化物塩酸塩 (日新製薬－山形); チアミン塩化物塩酸塩 (日新製薬－山形); チアミン塩化物塩酸塩 (日新製薬－山形); チアミン塩化物塩酸塩 (鶴原製薬); ビタミンB1 (コーアイセイ); ビーワン (原沢製薬工業); ベルミンビー (共和クリティケア); メタボリン (武田テバ薬品); メタボリン (武田テバ薬品); 塩酸チアミン (扶桑薬品工業); 塩酸チアミン (扶桑薬品工業)

説明

Thiamine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of thiamine (vitamin B1), a vitamin essential for aerobic metabolism, cell growth, transmission of nerve impulses and acetylcholine synthesis. Vitamin B1 helps prevent various health problems including heart damage.
Thiamine hydrochloride is used to prevent and treat thiamine deficiency states, which may occur as a result of inadequate nutrition or intestinal malabsorption. It is also used for the treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, beriberi and thiamine deficiency related to chronic alcoholism. Thiamine hydrochloride is used as a food additive to add brothy/meaty flavor to gravies or soups. It is used also as a food supplement and flavoring ingredient with a bitter taste.

化学的特性

Thiamine hydrochloride, also known as vitamin B1, is a white or almost white, crystalline powder or colorless crystals. It has an odor slightly reminiscent of thiazole and a bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1g dissolved in 1mL of water at 20℃), slightly soluble in ethanol, and insoluble in ether, benzene, chloroform, and acetone. The oxidation-reduction reaction can cause it to lose activity. When exposed to air, the vitamin rapidly absorbs about 4% of water.

天然物の起源

Rice husks are reportedly the principal source of vitamin B1; in variable amounts it is a constituent of yeast, milk, green leaves, roots and tubers; it is also present in high concentration in seeds, and in lesser amount in different animal organs and muscles.

来歴

Thiamine hydrochloride was the first water-soluble vitamin to be purified. In 1912, Cashmir Funk isolated thiamine from rice husks and coined the term ‘vitamine’ because it was required for life (‘vita’) and because thiamine contained nitrogen (‘amine’). Thiamine, formerly known as B1, is water soluble. Thiamine is a vital cofactor for enzymes and coenzymes of glycolysis, the Kreb’s cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway. Thiamine is also involved in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid and in nerve propagation.

使用

Thiamine is the water-soluble vitamin b1, required for normal digestion and functioning of nerve tissues and in the prevention of beriberi. It also acts as a coenzyme in the metabolism of carbohydrates. During processing, the higher and longer the heating period, the greater the loss. The loss is reduced in the presence of acid. Thiamine hydrochloride and thiamine mononitrate are two available forms. The mononitrate form is less hygroscopic and more stable than the hydrochloride form, making it suitable for use in beverage powders. It is used in enriched flour and is found as thiamine mononitrite in frozen egg substitute and crackers.

定義

ChEBI: Thiamine hydrochloride is a hydrochloride obtained by combining thiamine chloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. It has a role as an insect repellent. It is a vitamin B1 and a hydrochloride. It contains a thiamine(2+).

製造方法

By linking the preformed thiazole and pyrimidine ring system.

利点

Thiamine is a essential nutrient required for carbohydrate metabolism; also involved in nerve function. Biosynthesized by microorganisms and plants. Dietary sources include whole grains, meat products , vegetables, milk, legumes and fruit. Also present in rice husks and yeast. Converted in vivo to Thiamine diphosphate, a coenzyme in the decarboxylation of α-keto acids. Chronic deficiency may lead t o neurological impairment, bariberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Thiamine hydrochloride is commonly used in the prevention and treatment of foot fungus caused by the lack of VB1, also used in neuritis, dyspepsia and other conditions of adjuvant therapy.

一般的な説明

Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin of the B complex whose phosphate derivatives are involved in many cellular processes required for overall human health. Thiamine deficiency, often the result of impaired nutritional status associated with chronic diseases from alcoholism to HIV-AIDS, is monitored in patient whole blood samples by HPLC.

健康ハザード

Diseases and disorders resulting from a deficiency of thiamine include beriberi, opisthotonos (in birds), polyneuritis, hyperesthesia, bradycardia, and edema. Rather than a specific disease, beriberi may be described as a clinical state resulting from a thiamine deficiency. In body cells, thiamine pyrophosphate is required for removing carbon dioxide from various substances, including pyruvic acid.

安全性プロファイル

Poison by intravenous and intraperitoneal routes. Mildly toxic by ingestion. The vitamin is destroyed by alkalies and alkaline drugs such as phenobarbital sodium and by oxidzing and reducing agents. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of HCl, Cl-, SOx, and NOx.

環境運命予測

Thiamine and its common phosphate analogs are readily soluble in water and ubiquitously utilized in nature.

純化方法

The hydrochloride crystallises from 95% EtOH (solubility is ca 1%). The monohydrate is dehydrated at 100o in vacuo over H2SO4, but is hygroscopic and picks up one molecule of H2O readily. It can be sterilised at 100o if the pH of the solution is below 5.5. The nitrate has m 196-200o(dec) and is more stable than the hydrochloride. The picrolonate crystallises from H2O and is dimorphic, m 164-165o and 228-229o(dec). [Todd & Bergel J Chem Soc 364, 367 1937, J Am Chem Soc 58 1063, 1504 1936, 59 526 1937, Beilstein 27 IV 1766.]

参考文献

[1] https://www.drugs.com
[2] Shmuel Yannai (2012) Dictionary of Food Compounds with CD-ROM, Second Edition
[3] https://www.medicines.org.uk
[4] Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor