マイトマイシンC

外観

暗紫色、結晶～粉末

溶解性

水, エタノール及びアセトンに難溶。水, メタノール及びアセトンにやや溶けやすく、ジエチルエーテルにやや溶けにくい。

解説

マイトマイシンC，Streptomyces caespitosusが産生する抗腫瘍抗生物質．青紫色の結晶．融点360 ℃．UV(メタノール)λmax 216，360，560 nm(ε 24800，24800，2)．水，エタノールに難溶，ジエチルエーテルに不溶．グラム陽性菌，グラム陰性菌，結核菌などに強い抗菌力をもつ．内服または注射で，慢性リンパ性白血病，慢性骨髄性白血病，胃がん，肝がん，結腸·直腸がん，肺がん，子宮頸がん，子宮体がん，乳がんなどのがんの治療に単独あるいは併用で用いられる．作用機序は，がん細胞内で還元された活性化体が，二本鎖DNAのグアニン残基に結合して架橋し，DNAの複製を阻害することである．LD50 4 mg/kg(マウス，静注)．

用途

DNA のグアニンと結合して架 橋切断を起し、DNA 生合成阻害作用を示しま す。

用途

制癌作用研究用。

効能

抗悪性腫瘍薬

商品名

マイトマイシン (協和発酵キリン); マイトマイシン (協和発酵キリン)

適応症

癌腫(がんしゅ)、肉腫、白血病、ホジキン病および悪性絨毛(じゅうもう)上皮腫の自覚的および他覚的寛解を適応症とする。1日1回1～2ミリグラムを連日静脈注射または動脈注射する。

説明

Mitomycin C is naturally produced by Streptomyces caespitosus, an Actinobacteria found in soil. Mitomycin C has antibiotic and antitumor activities and has been studied extensively since the 1950s. A unique feature of this drug is strong bioreductive alkylation under hypoxic conditions. Oxygen-poor cells internal to solid tumors provide an environment in which this drug is highly activated. As an antitumor agent, it has shown efficacy in a wide variety of cancers, including gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, and bladder cancer. The sideeffect profile is large, which prohibits its widespread use. Mitomycin C is antibacterial to gram-positive, gram-negative, and acid-fast bacilli.

化学的特性

Blue-violet crystals or crystalline powder.

使用

Mitomycin C is the most studied of a family of highly distinctive blue/purple metabolites produced by several Streptomyces species. Mitomyin C exhibits potent antibacterial and antitumour activity and inhibits DNA synthesis by intercalation, blocking nuclear division with the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells.

定義

Antibiotic derivedfrom Streptomyces, stated to be effective againsttumors.

適応症

Mitomycin (mitomycin C, Mitocin-C, Mutamycin) is an antibiotic that is derived from a species of Streptomyces. It is sometimes classified as an alkylating agent because it can covalently bind to and cross-link DNA. Mitomycin is thought to inhibit DNA synthesis through its ability to alkylate double-strand DNA and bring about interstrand cross-linking. There is evidence that enzymatic reduction by a reduced nicotinamide– adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) dependent reductase is necessary to activate the drug.
The drug is rapidly cleared from serum after intravenous injection but is not distributed to the brain.

副作用

副作用として出血傾向、食欲不振、悪心(おしん)、嘔吐(おうと)、全身倦怠(けんたい)、発熱、肝障害、白血球減少、血小板減少などがみられる。

一般的な説明

Blue-violet crystals. Used as an anti-tumor antibiotic complex.

空気と水の反応

Water soluble.

反応プロフィール

Mitomycin C is sensitive to prolonged exposure to light. Mitomycin C may be sensitive to prolonged exposure to air. Mitomycin C is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids and strong bases. Calcium salts may cause decomposition.

危険性

Possible carcinogen.

健康ハザード

Toxic doses as low as 750 mg/kg have been reported in humans. The major toxic effect is myelosuppression, characterized by marked leukopenia and thrombocytopenia; this may be delayed and cumulative. Interstitial pneumonia and glomerular damage resulting in kidney failure are unusual but well documented complications. Lung conditions -- administration of mitomycin has been recognized as causing pneumonitis, alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis. Kidney conditions -- administration of Mitomycin Can cause kidney damage. Kidney toxicity was observed in 1-5 percent of patients. Depressed immune conditions.

火災危険

Flash point data for Mitomycin C are not available; however, Mitomycin C is probably combustible.

生物活性

Antibiotic and antitumor agent. Covalently binds DNA forming intra- and interstrand crosslinks. Inhibits DNA synthesis.

臨床応用

Mitomycin has limited palliative effects in carcinomas of the stomach, pancreas, colon, breast, and cervix.

副作用

The major toxicity associated with mitomycin therapy is unpredictably long and cumulative myelosuppression that affects both white blood cells and platelets. A syndrome of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure also has been described. Renal, hepatic, and pulmonary toxicity may occur. The drug is teratogenic and carcinogenic, and it can cause local blistering.

職業ばく露

This compound is an antitumor antibiotic complex. This drug is usually injected intravenously.

環境運命予測

Mitomycin C is naturally produced by S. caespitosus, a microorganism found in soil and decaying vegetation. As a compound potentially released in commercial solid waste or in spill or container residue, mitomycin C is not thought to persist in soil and water. Calculations based on its hydrolysis rate in water at 25 ℃ show a half-life of 12.9 days. It is readily soluble in water, so mobility in groundwater is high. Mitomycin persistence in air is low and bioaccumulation is low.

代謝

Mitomycin is administered IV in the treatment of disseminated adenocarcinoma of the stomach or pancreas, and it has been used intravesically in superficial bladder cancer. Biotransformation pathways are saturable, and approximately 10% of an administered dose is eliminated unchanged via the kidneys.

輸送方法

UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required. UN3249 Medicine, solid, toxic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.

純化方法

Mitomycin C forms blue-violet crystals from *C6H6/pet ether. It is soluble in Me2CO, MeOH and H2O, moderately soluble in *C6H6, CCl4 and Et2O but insoluble in pet ether. It has UV max at 216, 360 and a weak peak at 560nm in MeOH. [Stevens et al. J Med Chem 8 1 1965, Shirahata & Hirayama J Am Chem Soc 105 7199 1983, Beilstein 25 III/IV 516.]

不和合性

Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, heat, strong light, calcium salts.

廃棄物の処理

Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. It is inappropriate and possibly dangerous to the environment to dispose of expired or waste drugs and pharmaceuticals by flushing them down the toilet or discarding them to the trash. Household quantities of expired or waste pharmaceuticals may be mixed with wet cat litter or coffee grounds, double-bagged in plastic, discard in trash. Larger quantities shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged, and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator.