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外観
無色もしくは白色の結晶又は結晶性の粉末
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定義
本品は、リン酸(*)のナトリウム塩であり、次の化学式で表される。
参照表示名称：リン酸
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溶解性
水に溶けやすく、エタノールにほとんど溶けない。
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用途
医薬、製剤原料。
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化粧品の成分用途
緩衝剤、消臭剤
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使用上の注意
吸湿性がある。
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化学的特性
white crystalline solid
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使用
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate acts as buffering capacity reagent in molecular biology, biochemistry and chromatography. It is used in the preparation of biological buffers. It is also used in the purification of antibodies, as a laxative and, in combination with other sodium phosphates.
Sodium phosphate monobasic dihydrate is a reagent with very high buffering capacity widely used in molecular biology, biochemistry and chromatography. Sodium phosphate dibasic is highly hygroscopic and water soluble.
Recommended chemicals for the preparation of phosphate buffers are sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate，NaH2PO4.2H2O(mol. wt.156.0)，disodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate，Na2HPO4.2H2O (mol. wt.178.0), and sodium hydroxide pellets.
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調製方法
Monobasic sodium phosphate is prepared by adding phosphoric
acid to a hot, concentrated solution of disodium phosphate until the
liquid ceases to form a precipitate with barium chloride. This solution is then concentrated and the monobasic sodium phosphate
is crystallized.
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応用例（製薬）
Monobasic sodium phosphate is used in a wide variety of
pharmaceutical formulations as a buffering agent and as a
sequestering agent. Therapeutically, monobasic sodium phosphate
is used as a mild saline laxative and in the treatment of hypophosphatemia.
Monobasic sodium phosphate is also used in food products, for
example, in baking powders, and as a dry acidulant and
sequestrant.
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安全性
Monobasic sodium phosphate is widely used as an excipient in
parenteral, oral, and topical pharmaceutical formulations.
Phosphate occurs extensively in the body and is involved in
many physiological processes since it is the principal anion of
intracellular fluid. Most foods contain adequate amounts of
phosphate, making hypophosphatemia virtually unknown except
in certain disease states or in patients receiving total parenteral
nutrition. Treatment is usually by the oral administration of up to
100 mmol of phosphate daily.
Approximately two-thirds of ingested phosphate is absorbed
from the gastrointestinal tract, virtually all of it being excreted in the
urine, and the remainder is excreted in the feces.
Excessive administration of phosphate, particularly intravenously,
rectally, or in patients with renal failure, can cause
hyperphosphatemia that may lead to hypocalcemia or other severe
electrolyte imbalances. Adverse effects occur less frequently
following oral consumption, although phosphates act as mild saline
laxatives when administered orally or rectally (2–4 g of monobasic
sodium phosphate in an aqueous solution is used as a laxative).
Consequently, gastrointestinal disturbances including diarrhea,
nausea, and vomiting may occur following the use of monobasic
sodium phosphate as an excipient in oral formulations. However,
the level of monobasic sodium phosphate used as an excipient in a pharmaceutical formulation is not usually associated with adverse
effects.
LD50 (rat, IM): 0.25 g/kg(10)
LD50 (rat, oral): 8.29 g/kg
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貯蔵
Monobasic sodium phosphate is chemically stable, although it is
slightly deliquescent. On heating at 100°C, the dihydrate loses all of
its water of crystallization. On further heating, it melts with
decomposition at 205℃, forming sodium hydrogen pyrophosphate,
Na2H2P2O7. At 250℃ it leaves a final residue of sodium
metaphosphate, NaPO3.
Aqueous solutions are stable and may be sterilized by autoclaving.
Monobasic sodium phosphate should be stored in an airtight
container in a cool, dry place.
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不和合性
Monobasic sodium phosphate is an acid salt and is therefore
generally incompatible with alkaline materials and carbonates;
aqueous solutions of monobasic sodium phosphate are acidic and
will cause carbonates to effervesce.
Monobasic sodium phosphate should not be administered
concomitantly with aluminum, calcium, or magnesium salts since
they bind phosphate and could impair its absorption from the
gastrointestinal tract. Interaction between calcium and phosphate,
leading to the formation of insoluble calcium phosphate precipitates,
is possible in parenteral admixtures.
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規制状況(Regulatory Status)
GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe.
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (injections;
infusions; ophthalmic, oral, topical, and vaginal preparations).
Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the
UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal
Ingredients.
