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外観
無色～うすい黄色透明液体
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用途
衛生材料、農薬(除草剤) 【注】国内での農薬登録(除草剤)は本物質のナトリウム塩として認可されており、今回のGHS分類においてはすべてナトリウム塩として調査を実施した。ナトリウム塩は、CAS番号が127-20-8、分子式がC3H3CL2NAO2、分子量が164.95である。なお、フリー体の性状は液体である。
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農薬用途
除草剤
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説明
Dalapon is a commonly used herbicide for the control of
annual and perennial grasses in croplands. The US Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) has listed dalapon as
a general use pesticide and categorized dalapon as a Class II
toxic agent (moderately toxic). As such, any product that
contains dalapon would be labeled with ‘warning.’ The
moderate toxicity associated with dalapon is confined
primarily to workers around dalapon and those individuals
who are applying dalapon. Contact with the herbicide can
be caustic to human skin, damaging to the conjunctiva of
the human eye, and irritating/damaging to the upper
respiratory system of humans. When used to control grasses
in cropland as well as noncropland, dalapon is distributed
via either aerial or ground equipment for foliage application.
Some of the common croplands that have benefitted
from dalapon application include corn, potatoes, legume
crops, citrus, fruit, and nut trees. It is used extensively in the
western United States to control a variety of grasses such as
Bermuda, Johnson, Crab, and Quack grasses. Dalapon is
translocated to the roots where it acts as a growth regulator.
Although highly soluble with the ability to readily move
through the environment, dalapon is relative safe and
instances of dalapon intoxication are rare. The primary
sources of toxicity are contact with the sodium or magnesium
salt of dalapon, which is an irritant to the eyes, skin,
and respiratory system. Cases of elevated levels of dalapon
in drinking water or groundwater have also been rare, and
little toxicity has been reported following dalapon exposure
in water. Individuals who were exposed to high levels for
extended periods of time can experience kidney dysfunction.
Collectively, dalapon is a relatively safe herbicide for
the control of many annual and perennial grasses.
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化学的特性
clear yellow liquid
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使用
Dalapon is used primarily for the selective control of annual and perennial grass weeds in cropland and noncropland. Dalapon is also used as a selective aquatic herbicide. It is acidic in nature and are not strongly sorbed by soils, and reported to be rapidly degraded in both soil and water by microbial processes.
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一般的な説明
A colorless liquid. Soluble in water. Density 11.6 lb /gal. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Used as a herbicide.
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空気と水の反応
Soluble in water. Reacts slowly in water to form hydrochloric and pyruvic acids.
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健康ハザード
VAPOR: Irritating to eyes, nose and throat. LIQUID: Will burn skin and eyes. Harmful if swallowed.
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火災危険
Combustible. Irritating fumes of hydrochloric acid may form in fire. Volatilizes with steam.
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安全性プロファイル
A corrosive with low
toxicity by skin contact. A skin irritant.
Mutation data reported. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-
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環境運命予測
The mechanism of action of dalapon is the same as for most
acids. The acid denatures tissue proteins upon contact. At lower
concentrations, the dalapon causes nonlethal yellowing of
sensitive plants, which clearly distinguished them from resistant
plants. The mode of action of chlorinated aliphatic acids is
not known but they probably affect many enzyme pathways.
Dalapon is readily absorbed into roots and leaves of plants and
then translocated. Lower concentrations will inhibit plant
growth and cause leaf chlorosis, followed by necrosis and
death. Higher concentrations of dalapon will result in significant
necrosis of areas of the plant in contact with dalapon.
Although the direct mechanism of these effects has remained
elusive, it is thought that dalapon may affect lipid, carbohydrate,
and nitrogen metabolism as secondary effects. One
prevailing hypothesis for the primary dalapon affect is that
dalapon exerts direct effects on plant structural proteins leading
to these secondary metabolic outcomes.
