炭酸水素ナトリウム

外観

白色の結晶又は結晶性の粉末

定義

本品は、炭酸のモノナトリウム塩であり、次の化学式で表される。

溶解性

水に可溶 (8.8g/100g水, 15℃), エタノールに難溶。澄明 (1.0g, 水20mL)水にやや溶けやすく、エタノールにほとんど溶けない。

解説

NaHCO3(84.01)．炭酸水素ナトリウムは，重曹，酸性炭酸ナトリウム，重炭酸ナトリウムともいう．炭酸ナトリウムの飽和水溶液に二酸化炭素を通じると得られる．白色の単斜晶系結晶．密度2.159 g cm－3．水100 g に対する溶解度は6.9 g(0 ℃)，16.4 g(60 ℃)．エタノールに難溶．熱すれば二酸化炭素と水を放って分解し，270 ℃ 以上では炭酸ナトリウム無水物となる(二酸化炭素の実験室的製法，および純炭酸ナトリウムの製法)．水溶液は加水分解して微アルカリ性を示し，水溶液を65 ℃ 以上に熱すると炭酸ナトリウムになる．ナトリウム塩の製造，二酸化炭素の発生，消火器，ベーキングパウダー，炭酸飲料水の製造，洗濯用粉せっけん，バターの防腐剤，木材の防かび剤，医薬品，分析試薬などに用いられる．ほかにセスキ炭酸ナトリウムともよばれるNaCO3･NaHCO3･2H2Oもある．これは天然ソーダである．白色の単斜晶系結晶で，炭酸ナトリウムよりアルカリ性が弱く，羊毛，毛織物の洗濯に用いられる．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）

用途

清涼飲料水原料、ふくらし粉。

用途

医薬品原料、ふくらし粉

用途

入浴剤?医薬?食品添加物?飼料配合原料、土壌安定剤?セメント添加物、医薬、消火剤、粉末石けん原料、食品添加物(ふくらし粉、清涼飲料)、農薬(殺菌剤)

用途

胃酸を中和し、酸性度を低下 させます。

用途

胃酸を中和し、酸性度を低下 させます。

化粧品の成分用途

pH調整剤、緩衝剤、口腔ケア剤、口腔衛生剤、皮膚保護剤、消臭剤、研磨.スクラブ剤

効能

制酸薬, アルカリ化薬, 解毒薬, 補正用電解質液

商品名

タンソニン (陽進堂); バイフィル (エイワイファーマ); プレビネート (共和薬品工業); メイロン (大塚製薬工場); メイロン (大塚製薬工場); 炭酸水素Na (扶桑薬品工業); 炭酸水素Na (扶桑薬品工業); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (コーアイセイ); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (シオエ製薬); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (ニプロ); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (三恵薬品); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (健栄製薬); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (司生堂製薬); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (吉田製薬); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (小堺製薬); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (山善製薬); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (恵美須薬品化工); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (扶桑薬品工業); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (日医工); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (日医工); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (日医工); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (日興製薬); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (日興製薬); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (日興製薬); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (日興製薬); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (日興製薬); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (日興製薬); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (昭和製薬); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (東洋製薬化成); 炭酸水素ナトリウム (東海製薬); 重ソー (ケミックス); 重ソー (原沢製薬工業); 重ソー (日新製薬－山形); 重ソー (日新製薬－山形); 重ソー (日新製薬－山形); 重ソー (日新製薬－山形); 重ソー (東和薬品); 重曹 (マイラン製薬)

使用上の注意

湿った空気中で徐々に分解する。

説明

Sodium bicarbonate, which is the compound commonly called baking soda, exists as a white, odorless, crystalline solid. It occurs naturally as the mineral nahcolite, which derives its name from its chemical formula by replacing the “3” in NaHCO₃ with the ending “lite.” The world’s main source of nahcolite is the Piceance Creek Basin in western Colorado, which is part of the larger Green River formation. Sodium bicarbonate is extracted using solution mining by pumping hot water through injection wells to dissolve the nahcolite from the Eocene beds where it occurs 1,500 to 2,000 feet below the surface. The dissolved sodium bicarbonate is pumped to the surface where it is treated to recover NaHCO₃ from solution. Sodium bicarbonate can also be produced from the trona deposits, which is a source of sodium carbonates (see Sodium Carbonate).

化学的特性

Sodium bicarbonate, NaHC03, also known as sodium acid carbonate and baking soda, is a white water-soluble crystalline solid.It has an alkaline taste, loses carbon dioxide at 270°C (518 °F).and is used in food preparation. Sodium bicarbonate also finds use as a medicine,a butter preservative, in ceramics,and to prevent timber mold.

物理的性質

White crystalline powder or granules; monoclinic crystals; density 2.20 g/cm₃; decomposes around 50°C, begins to lose carbon dioxide; converts to sodium carbonate at 100°C; soluble in water, 10g/100 mL at 20°C; slowly decomposes to CO2 and Na2CO3 in aqueous solution at ambient temperature; decomposes to Na₂CO₃ in boiling water; aqueous solution slightly alkaline; pH of 0.1M solution at 25°C is about 8.3; insoluble in alcohol; decomposes in acids.

使用

sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) is an inorganic salt used as a buffering agent and a pH adjuster, it also serves as a neutralizer. It is used in skin-smoothing powders.

定義

Baking soda: A white solid formed either by passing an excess of carbon dioxide through sodium carbonate or hydroxide solution, or by precipitation when cold concentrated solutions of sodium chloride and ammonium hydrogencarbonate are mixed. Sodium hydrogencarbonate decomposes on heating to give sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide, and water. With dilute acids, it yields carbon dioxide. It is used as a constituent of baking powder, in effervescent beverages, and in fire extinguishers. Its aqueous solutions are alkaline as a result of salt hydrolysis. Sodium hydrogencarbonate forms monoclinic crystals.

調製方法

Sodium bicarbonate is manufactured either by passing carbon dioxide into a cold saturated solution of sodium carbonate, or by the ammonia–soda (Solvay) process, in which first ammonia and then carbon dioxide is passed into a sodium chloride solution to precipitate sodium bicarbonate while the more soluble ammonium chloride remains in solution.

一般的な説明

Odorless white crystalline powder or lumps. Slightly alkaline (bitter) taste. pH (of freshly prepared 0.1 molar aqueous solution): 8.3 at 77°F. pH (of saturated solution): 8-9. Non-toxic.

空気と水の反応

Stable in dry air, but slowly decomposes in moist air. Moderately water soluble. Decomposes slowly in water (accelerated by agitation) .

反応プロフィール

Sodium bicarbonate reacts exothermically with acids to generate non-toxic carbon dioxide gas. Decomposes when heated. Incompatible with acids, acidic salts (dopamine hydrochloride, pentazocine lactate, many alkaloidal salts) aspirin and bismuth salicylate.

火災危険

Literature sources indicate that Sodium bicarbonate is noncombustible.

応用例（製薬）

Sodium bicarbonate is usually administered orally in order to regulate the serum pH. Imbalances of the plasma pH can be due to problems occurring in the kidneys such as renal tubular acidosis. Within the kidneys, blood is filtered before it passes through the tubular part of the nephrons where re-absorption or secretion of important salts and others takes place. In renal tubular acidosis, the kidneys either fail to filter or secrete acid ions (H+) from the plasma (secretion takes place in the distal tubule), or to recover bicarbonate ions (HCO3^-) from the filtrate (passive re-absorption takes place in the proximal tubule, active re-absorption at the distal tubule), which is necessary to balance the pH. In the view of this mode of action, the pharmaceutically active component of sodium bicarbonate is the bicarbonate anion, but the cation Na+ is responsible for solubility and compatibility.

生物活性

Commonly used laboratory reagent

安全性プロファイル

Low toxicity by ingestion. An experimental teratogen. A nuisance dust. Human systemic effects: changes in potassium levels, increased urine volume, metabolic acidosis, nausea or vomiting, respiratory changes, sodium level changes. Mutation data reported.

安全性

Sodium bicarbonate is used in a number of pharmaceutical formulations including injections and ophthalmic, otic, topical, and oral preparations.
Sodium bicarbonate is metabolized to the sodium cation, which is eliminated from the body by renal excretion, and the bicarbonate anion, which becomes part of the body’s bicarbonate store. Any carbon dioxide formed is eliminated via the lungs. Administration of excessive amounts of sodium bicarbonate may thus disturb the body’s electrolyte balance, leading to metabolic alkalosis or possibly sodium overload with potentially serious consequences. The amount of sodium present in antacids and effervescent formulations has been sufficient to exacerbate chronic heart failure, especially in elderly patients.
Orally ingested sodium bicarbonate neutralizes gastric acid with the evolution of carbon dioxide and may cause stomach cramps and flatulence.
When used as an excipient, sodium bicarbonate is generally regarded as an essentially nontoxic and nonirritant material.
LD50 (mouse, oral): 3.36 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 4.22 g/kg

純化方法

Crystallise it from hot water (6mL/g). The solid should not be heated above 40o due to the formation of carbonate.

不和合性

Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids, acidic salts, and many alkaloidal salts, with the evolution of carbon dioxide. Sodium bicarbonate can also intensify the darkening of salicylates. In powder mixtures, atmospheric moisture or water of crystallization from another ingredient is sufficient for sodium bicarbonate to react with compounds such as boric acid or alum. In liquid mixtures containing bismuth subnitrate, sodium bicarbonate reacts with the acid formed by hydrolysis of the bismuth salt.
In solution, sodium bicarbonate has been reported to be incompatible with many drug substances such as ciprofloxacin, amiodarone, nicardipine, and levofloxacin.

規制状況(Regulatory Status)

GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (injections; ophthalmic preparations; oral capsules, solutions, and tablets). Included in parenteral (intravenous infusions and injections) and nonparenteral medicines (chewing gums; ear drops; eye lotions; oral capsules, chewable tablets, effervescent powders, effervescent tablets, granules, soluble tablets, orodispersible tablets, and tablets; suppositories and suspensions) licensed in the UK.