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外観
無色～ほとんど無色透明液体
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化学的特性
2,2-dimethylbutane is the chain isomeric form of hexane. It is a colorless and flammable liquid with a specific gravity of 0.6444. Insoluble in water, miscible with alcohol, ether, acetone, benzene and petroleum ether. The solubility is similar to that of hexane and 2-methylpentane.
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物理的性質
Clear, colorless liquid with a mild petroleum-like odor. Liquid quickly evaporates and forms
conbustible fumes. An odor threshold concentration of 20 ppmv was reported by Nagata and
Takeuchi (1990).
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使用
2,2-Dimethylbutane is an acyclic alkane. Its Research Octane Number (RON) has been reported to be 91.8. It is used to Component of high-octane motor and aviation fuels, intermediate for agricultural chemicals.
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製造方法
2,2-Dimethylbutane can be synthesised by the hydroisomerisation of 2,3-dimethylbutane using an acid catalyst.
By the thermal or catalytic union (alkylation) of ethylene and isobutane, both recovered from refinery gases.
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調製方法
2,2-Dimethylbutane is produced from crude oil, natural
liquid gases, and petroleum refining processes.
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一般的な説明
Colorless liquid with an odor of gasoline. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Irritating vapor. Flash point -54°F.
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空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
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反応プロフィール
2,2-Dimethylbutane may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring may occur followed by ignition of unreacted material and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, mostly unreactive. Not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. When heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, burns exothermically to produce carbon dioxide and water.
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危険性
Highly flammable, dangerous fire and
explosion risk, explosion limits 1.2–7%
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健康ハザード
Inhalation causes dizziness, nausea, and vomiting; concentrated vapor may cause unconsciousness and collapse. Contact with liquid causes irritation of eyes; repeated contact may produce irritation of skin. Ingestion causes irritation of stomach. Aspiration causes severe lung irritation, rapidly developing pulmonary edema, and central nervous system excitement followed by depression.
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安全性プロファイル
Probably an irritant and
narcotic in high concentration. A very
dangerous fire and explosion hazard when
exposed to heat or flame; can react
vigorously with oxidzing materials. Keep
away from heat or open flame. To fight fire,
use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated
to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes.
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環境運命予測
Photolytic. Reported photooxidation rate constants for the reaction of 2,2-dimethylbutane with
OH radicals at 297, 299, and 300 K are 2.59 x 10-12, 6.16 x 10-12, and 2.59 x 10-12
cm3/molecule?sec, respectively (Atkinson, 1985, 1990).
Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air yields carbon dioxide and water vapor. 2,2-
Dimethylbutane will not hydrolyze because it has no hydrolyzable functional group.
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純化方法
Distil it azeotropically with MeOH, then wash it with water, dry (Na2SO4) it, and distil it. [Beilstein 1 IV 367.]
