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解説
チロシジン,Aの塩酸塩は融点204~242 ℃.[α]D-111°(50% エタノール).水に易溶,メタノールに微溶.いずれもグラム陽性菌および陰性菌に有効で,細胞質膜に作用して透過性を乱す.毒性はマウス最小致死量5 mg/kg(静脈).
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製造
グラミシジンとともに,枯草菌Bacillus brevisの培養液から得られる環状ペプチド抗菌性物質の混合物.A,B,Cの3種類が知られている.
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化学的特性
White or almost white powder.
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使用
Tyrothricin is a complex of two unrelated peptide families, gramicidin complex and tyrocidines complex, produced by Bacillus brevis and discovered by Dubos in 1939. Typically, tyrothricin is composed of 20% of the linear pentadecylpeptide gramicidins and 80% of cyclic decapeptide tyrocidines. Both the gramicidins and tyrocidines act by disrupting bacterial cell wall integrity, but by differing mechanisms. Tyrothricin is used clinically for bacterial skin infections in some countries.
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定義
An antibiotic produced by growth of Bacillus brevis. It consists of a mixture of antibiotics, principally gramicidin and tyrocidine. Gramicidin is the more active component. Use is generally limited to local external applications. It is active against some Gram-positive bacteria, including species of pneumococci, streptococci, and staphylococci.