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解説
ソマトスタチン，14個のアミノ酸からなるホルモンで，1973年ブラゾーP.Brazeauらによって，50万個のヒツジの視床下部の抽出物から分離，同定された。成長ホルモン(別名ソマトトロピン)の分泌を抑制することから，成長ホルモン放出抑制因子growth hormone inhibiting factor(GIFと略記)，growth hormone inhibiting hormone(GIH)，somatotropin release inhibiting factor(SRIF)とも呼ばれる。ソマトスタチンsomatostatin 成長ホルモン分泌抑制因子GIF(growth hormone release inhibiting factorの略)あるいはSRIF(somatolropin release inhibiting factorの略)ともいう。1973年，ギルミンらは，ヒツジの視床下部組織から成長ホルモンの分泌を抑制する分画を発見し，純化を行って14個のアミノ酸からなるソマトスタチンの構造を決定した。
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化学的特性
White Powder
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定義
ChEBI: A fourteen-membered heterodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence Ala-Gly-Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys cyclised by a disulfide bridge between the two Cys residues at positions 3 and 14.
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生物学の機能
Somatostatin is a cyclic 14-peptide that was first isolated by Guillemin in 1973 and is probably
the most thoroughly investigated and most important of the inhibitory factors produced by the
hypothalamus. The principal activity of somatostatin, which is of hypothalamic origin,
is inhibition of the release of growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary. Too much GH, as
in pituitary tumors, causes acromegaly, a form of giantism. On the other hand, too little GH
leads to dwarfism. Somatostatin also has been found in the pancreas and the GI tract, where it
inhibits the secretion of both insulin and glucagon from the pancreas as well as the secretion of
a variety of intestinal peptides (e.g., gastrin, secretin, pepsin, and renin). The short half-life of
somatostatin, which is less than 3 minutes, has precluded its use as a therapeutic agent. Many
derivatives of somatostatin have been prepared to increase its duration of action and/or to
enhance its selectivity of action. The culmination of these structure–activity studies was the
development of octreotide acetate.
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一般的な説明
Somatostatin (SST) is a peptide.
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純化方法
Somatostatin is a tetradecapeptide which is purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25, eluting with 2N AcOH, and then by liquid partition chromatography on Sephadex G-25 using n-BuOH/AcOH/H2O (4:1:5) and has RF = 0.4. It is a brain growth hormone releasing-inhibiting factor which has also been synthesised. [Burgus et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 70 684 1973, Sorantakis & McKinley Biochem Biophys Res Commun 54 234 1973, Hartridt et al. Pharmazie 37 403 1982.]
