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溶解性
水、エタノール及びアセトンに溶ける。
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用途
有機合成用試薬。
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説明
Cotinine is the major metabolite of nicotine. In the liver,
nicotine is rapidly metabolized to cotinine (70–80%) by
CYP2A6 and to nornicotine (5%) by CYP2A6 and CYP2B6.
With a half-life about 10-fold longer than that of nicotine
(15–19 h for cotinine versus 2–3 h for nicotine), cotinine
induces plasma concentrations of 1–3 mM in smokers. After
administration to rats, cotinine levels in the brain reach
fourfold those of nicotine at 4 h following injection. Cotinine
is not biotransformed in the brain, allowing accumulation
of this substance to levels greater than that of
nicotine.
Like nicotine, cotinine is able to induce dopamine release in
smokers and in superfused rat striatal slices in a dose- and
calcium-dependent manner via the nicotinic receptors, but
only at concentrations higher than those normally seen in
smokers. Indeed, administration of cotinine to smokers at
levels 10-fold that is seen following smoking had no observable
effect, suggesting that cotinine is not neuroactive at doses
found in smokers. However, cotinine also acts as an inhibitor
for nicotine binding in rat brain via desensitization of the
nicotinic receptor.
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化学的特性
Colourless to Light Brown Solid
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使用
(-)-Cotinine is used to activate a subpopulation of α3/ α6β2 nAChRs in monkey striatum. It binds nicotinic- and muscarinic-type acetylcholine receptors with minimal receptor desensitization and demonstrates antipsychotic drug-like properties in behavioral models, neuroprotective properties in neurodegenerative disease models, and enhances attention in a delayed matching-to-sample task.
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定義
ChEBI: An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.
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生物活性
Major metabolite of nicotine. Shown to activate a subpopulation of α 3/ α 6 β 2 nAChRs in monkey striatum. Displays cognition-enhancing effects in vivo .
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環境運命予測
Cotinine stimulates dopamine release in the nigrostriatal
pathway by activating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
However, its lower EC50 prevents significant activation of this
pathway in smokers.
