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定義
本品は、石油から得られた炭化水素類を塩素化したものである。
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化粧品の成分用途
閉塞剤、非水系増粘剤、溶剤
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定義
The state of matter in which the
particles of a substance are loosely bound
by intermolecular forces. The weakness of
these forces permits movement of the particles
and consequently liquids can change
their shape within a fixed volume. The liquid
state lacks the order of the solid state.
Thus, amorphous materials, such as glass,
in which the particles are disordered and
can move relative to each other, can be
classed as liquids.
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农业用途
Liquid is an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter
intermediate between gases and solids in which the molecules are much more highly concentrated than in
solids. Liquids take the shape of their containers but have
fixed volume at a particular temperature and are
incompressible.
Liquid molecules are free to move within the limits
set by intermolecular attractive forces. At the aidliquid
interface the vibration of the molecules causes some of
them to be ejected from the liquid at a rate depending on
the surface tension. The tendency of molecules to escape
from a liquid surface is called fugacity and is largely
responsible for evaporation. When the air space is
restricted, the escaping molecules eventually saturate the
air and thus the number of molecules leaving the liquid is
equal to those returning to it as a result of molecular
attraction. In these circumstances, the liquid/air system is
said to be in equilibrium.
Liquids vary greatly in viscosity, boiling point,
vapor pressure and surface tension. Mercury has a
specific gravity of 13.6 and the highest surface tension of
all liquids. Glass has the highest viscosity. Polar liquids
are those where molecules have opposite electrical
charges on their terminal atoms or groups, which impart
a force called dipolemoment. Water is a polar liquid with
high dielectric constant. Pure hydrocarbon liquids are
generally non-polar.
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安全性プロファイル
Suspected carcinogen. A skin and eye irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic vapors of Cl
