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外観
白色～わずかにうすい褐色, 結晶又は粒状
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定義
本品は、次の化学式で表されるメタクレゾールの誘導体である。
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溶解性
水に難溶 (0.4g/100ml水, 20℃), エタノール, アセトンに易溶。エタノール及びアセトンに溶けやすく、水に極めて溶けにくい。
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解説
4-クロロ-3-メチルフェノール，クロロメチルフェノール，C7H7ClO(142.59)．m-クレゾールを塩化スルフリルで塩素化すると得られる．白色の結晶多形．融点55.5 ℃ と66 ℃，沸点234～236 ℃．水にやや不溶，有機溶媒に易溶．外皮用殺菌消毒剤として使用される．
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用途
染料?香料中間体
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用途
有機合成原料。
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化粧品の成分用途
防腐剤、殺菌剤
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効能
殺菌消毒薬
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化学的特性
white or pink crystals
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物理的性質
Colorless, white, or pinkish crystals with a slight phenolic odor. On exposure to air it slowly
becomes light brown.
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使用
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol has been used in paint formulations.
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調製方法
Chlorocresol is prepared by the chlorination of m-cresol.
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一般的な説明
A pinkish to white crystalline solid with a phenolic odor. Melting point 64-66°C. Shipped as a solid or in a liquid carrier. Soluble in aqueous base. Toxic by ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption. Used as an external germicide. Used as a preservative in paints and inks.
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空気と水の反応
Hygroscopic. Soluble in aqueous base.
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反応プロフィール
4-Chloro-3-methylphenolS are incompatible with bases, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, and oxidizing agents. Corrodes steel, brass, copper and copper alloys .
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危険性
Irritant to skin.
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健康ハザード
Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
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火災危険
Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.
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応用例（製薬）
Chlorocresol is used as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics
and pharmaceutical formulations. It is generally used in concentrations
up to 0.2% in a variety of preparations except those intended
for oral administration or that contact mucous membrane.
Chlorocresol is effective against bacteria, spores, molds, and yeasts;
it is most active in acidic media. Preservative efficacy may be
reduced in the presence of some other excipients, particularly
nonionic surfactants.
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接触アレルゲン
Chlorocresol is a biocide used for its disinfectant and
preservative properties, in topicals or cutting fluid.
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安全性プロファイル
Poison by intravenous,
subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal routes.
Moderately toxic by ingestion. An allergen.
Mutation data reported. Incompatible with
sodium hydroxide. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl
and phosgene. See also CRESOL and
CHLOROPHENOLS.
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職業ばく露
Chlorinated phenol fungicide, microbiocide, and germicide used to control bacteria, yeasts, and
fungi.
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環境運命予測
Biological. When p-chloro-m-cresol was statically incubated in the dark at 25 °C with yeast
extract and settled domestic wastewater inoculum, significant biodegradation with rapid
adaptation was observed. At concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/L, 78 and 76% biodegradation,
respectively, were observed after 7 d (Tabak et al., 1981).
Chemical/Physical. At influent concentrations (pH 3.0) of 1.0, 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 mg/L, the
GAC adsorption capacities were 122, 63, 32, and 17 mg/g, respectively. At pH 5.5 and pH 9.0 at
influent concentrations of 1.0, 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 mg/L, the GAC adsorption capacities were 124,
85, 58, and 40 mg/g and 99, 38, 15, and 5.5 mg/g, respectively (Dobbs and Cohen, 1980).
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貯蔵
Chlorocresol is stable at room temperature but is volatile in steam.
Aqueous solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving. On exposure to
air and light, aqueous solutions may become yellow colored.
Solutions in oil or glycerin may be sterilized by heating at 1608℃ for
1 hour. The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed
container, protected from light, in a cool, dry place.
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輸送方法
UN2669 Chlorocresols solution, Hazard Class:
6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. UN3437 Chlorocresols
solid, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
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純化方法
Crystallise the phenol from pet ether or *C6H6. [Beilstein 6 H 381, 6 I 187, 6 II 355, 6 III 1315, 6 IV 2064.]
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不和合性
Chlorocresols react with boranes, alkalies, aliphatic amines, amides, nitric acid, sulfuric acid.
Contact with oxidizing agents may cause a fire and explosion hazard. Heat produces phosgene, hydrogen chloride
and chlorine gases. Corrosive to aluminum, copper, tin, and
other chemically active metals.
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廃棄物の処理
A good candidate for rotary
kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1600C
and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and
hours for solids.
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規制状況(Regulatory Status)
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (topical creams
and emulsions). Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines
licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable
Non-medicinal Ingredients.
In Europe, chlorocresol is approved for use in cosmetics at a
maximum concentration of 0.2%; however, it is prohibited for use
in products intended to come into contact with mucous membranes.
In Japan, use of chlorocresol in cosmetics is restricted to a level of
0.5 g/100 g.
